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YOUR DAILY EDGE: 29 April 2026

Trump Tells Aides to Prepare for Extended Blockade of Iran The president prefers decisive victories, but none of the available options provides him with a swift exit from the conflict

President Trump has instructed aides to prepare for an extended blockade of Iran, U.S. officials said, targeting the regime’s coffers in a high-risk bid to compel a nuclear capitulation Tehran has long refused.

In recent meetings, including a Monday discussion in the Situation Room, Trump opted to continue squeezing Iran’s economy and oil exports by preventing shipping to and from its ports. He assessed that his other options—resume bombing or walk away from the conflict—carried more risk than maintaining the blockade, officials said.

Yet continuing the blockade also prolongs a conflict that has driven up gas prices, hurt Trump’s poll numbers and further darkened Republicans’ prospects in the midterm elections. It has also caused the lowest number of transits through the Strait of Hormuz since the war began. (…)

On Monday, Trump told aides that Iran’s three-step offer to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and save nuclear talks for the final phase proved Tehran wasn’t negotiating in good faith, The Wall Street Journal reported.

For now, Trump is comfortable with an indefinite blockade, which he wrote Tuesday on Truth Social is pushing Iran toward a “State of Collapse.” A senior U.S. official said the blockade is demonstrably crushing Iran’s economy—it is straining to store its unsold oil—and sparked fresh outreach by the regime to Washington.

Trump’s decision represents a new phase of sorts of the war and highlights the fact that the president, who always seeks a quick and salable victory, is devoid of a silver bullet. (…)

Restarting hostilities, meanwhile, would further weaken a battered Iran, but it would likely react by wreaking more havoc on Gulf energy infrastructure, bolstering the costs of the war. The blockade shrinks the Islamic Republic’s funds but commits U.S. forces to a longer deployment in the Middle East—with no guarantee the regime capitulates. (…)

The lack of a clear, decisive pathway has some U.S. officials saying the eight-week conflict will likely end with neither a nuclear deal nor a resumption of the war, a sentiment first reported by Axios. (…)

Officials say Trump isn’t currently willing to drop his demand that Iran, at a minimum, vows to suspend its nuclear enrichment for 20 years and accepts restrictions after that point. (…)

On Monday, Iran told mediators it would need a few days to consult with Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei before presenting a modified proposal that could advance the peace talks with the U.S., people familiar with the matter said.

Regional mediators, however, remain skeptical that Iran’s updated offer would catalyze a breakthrough. Iranian officials continue to say that Washington must drop what they deem maximalist demands while maintaining its own blockade on the Strait of Hormuz.

“Both sides seem to believe that they have calculated this right and that time is on their side,” said Nico Lange, director of Germany’s Institute for Risk Analysis and International Security and a former chief of staff at the German defense ministry.

Trump administration officials realize Tehran could try to disrupt efforts to maintain the current no-deal, no-war situation over a long period.

As the blockade bites, Iran might seek to force Washington into choosing between escalating the conflict or backing down and cutting a deal. Tehran could resume its attacks on regional energy production or target U.S. naval assets enforcing the blockade. Despite the destruction of its conventional navy, Iran can still spark flare-ups with U.S. forces. (…)

From Windward:

The U.S. blockade has more than halved Iranian crude shipments reaching Asia over the past 10 days, with further declines expected into May. This is one of the clearest indicators to date of pressure on Iran’s shipping logistics chain, which supports oil flows worth billions of dollars to the Iranian regime. (…)

Windward intelligence shows that Iranian crude exports reaching Asia via the Strait averaged 1.3 million barrels per day during the first 28 days of April. That is well below the 1.9 million barrels per day loaded from Kharg Island in March, and broadly aligned with the 1.2 million barrels per day seen loading so far in April, according to Vortexa. In February, before the war began, Vortexa recorded Iranian loadings at 2.2 million barrels per day.

At the same time, approximately 153 million barrels of Iranian oil remain on the water. Much of this volume is held in floating storage west of Hormuz or on vessels that sailed to the Riau Archipelago, in Malaysia’s EEZ.

The Riau area has long been used for ship-to-ship transfers of Iranian crude, enabling onward movement to China, Iran’s largest buyer. Many Iran-linked tankers that transit the Strait of Malacca move to this area, switch off AIS while transferring cargo to another tanker, and reappear only when sailing outbound through the Strait. (…)

(…) To contain the economic fallout, the Iranian government has raised wages, subsidized basic goods and handed out cash to the poor. But authorities are confronting a level of hardship not seen in decades, according to residents. (…)

The war has thrown around one million people out of work directly and another million indirectly, according to early estimates cited by Gholamhossein Mohammadi, an official at Iran’s Labor and Social-Affairs ministry. That is a significant portion of the roughly 25 million people who are normally employed in Iran.

The cost of living has soared, with the annual inflation rate reaching 67% in the month through mid-April from the same period a year earlier, according to Iran’s central bank. The subsidized price of red meat, which was mostly imported through sea routes, has gone up to the equivalent of around $3.60 a pound, beyond the reach of most in a country where the minimum wage is around $130 a month. (…)

Businesses across the country—from manufacturers to retailers—are closing, residents said. The lack of steel and other raw materials is hampering production in various industries. Electronic goods, which are mostly imported, are in short supply and expensive. (…)

Iranian state media estimates that postwar reconstruction could cost around $270 billion, a crippling sum for a country with an annual gross domestic product last year of $341 billion. (…)

As recently as March, Iran exported 1.85 million barrels of crude oil a day, worth $191 million at international prices. There is no evidence any Iranian oil cargo has breached the U.S. blockade and reached Chinese customers or other buyers, said Homayoun Falakshahi, a senior oil analyst at the commodities-data company Kpler. (…)

The Iranian government has taken steps to contain the economic fallout. It has increased the minimum wage and raised the salary of government employees and continued to subsidize the price of bread, fuel and other essential goods. It is giving cash handouts to the poor and issuing coupons for the purchase of rice, chicken, cooking oil and other goods. It drew from strategic reserves of household staples to soften the economic blow for regular people.

The government has appealed to Iranians to do their part by limiting their consumption of water, electricity and gas. Tehran residents were encouraged to drive less and use public transportation instead. (…)

Iran is trying to bypass the U.S. blockade by relying on alternative trade routes. It is using rail and road connections with Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan as well as the Caspian Sea to the north to import goods, Ebrahim Najafi, an Iranian lawmaker, said recently in the country’s Parliament.

At least 11 vessels loaded with grain, corn and sunflower oil have arrived in Iran’s Caspian ports since the U.S. blockade started, according to Kpler. They had departed from Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.

Over the weekend Pakistan announced that it has designated six corridors—both ports and land borders—through which Iranian goods could transit without restriction. Those routes will also be used to import rice and meat.

“Iranians will suffer hardship,” said Mohamed Amersi, an Iran expert and member of the Global Advisory Council of the Wilson Center, a Washington think tank. “But their pain tolerance threshold is higher.”

No, the Iranian Oil Industry Isn’t About to ‘Explode’

If US President Donald Trump is right, the Iranian oil industry should be imploding by now. On April 26, he predicted the country’s wells would “explode” in a “very powerful” destructive process starting in three days. That’s today. Considering oil is central to the war, one would hope Trump has his facts right. Unfortunately, he doesn’t. (…)

Kpler, a commodity-intelligence firm, reckons that Iran probably has another 12 to 22 days of storage available, far more than the US administration anticipated when it started the blockade. If Trump was right, Iran would have run out of storage today.

The Islamic Republic won’t wait until the last minute, however. Instead, it will pre-emptively slow production well before it runs out of storage; engineers prefer to gradually throttle down wells rather than shut them suddenly. The process appears to be already ongoing, with visible oil and gas flaring in Khuzestan, the heart of the country’s petroleum industry (the extra flaring signals all of a well’s output can’t be evacuated). By mid-May, Iranian oil production will need to halve from pre-war levels as storage reaches its limit, with only domestic demand, and some residual trade via trucks, rail and coastal ships in the Caspian Sea, acting as relief valves.

The economic blow would be immense as the country loses crucial oil revenue. But I don’t buy the argument that its oil wells would suffer irremediable damage — and neither do most experts with on-the-ground experience in the petroleum sector. (…)

Importantly, petroleum engineers can take mitigating action to avoid damage. As well as throttling production, they can rotate shutdowns between oilfields. The key is keeping the wells flowing for as long as possible, avoiding problems, such as water intrusion, that accompany long-lasting closures.

imageBack in 2019-2020, during the first Trump administration, Iran had to cut production significantly but was able to restart its wells without significant problems over the next few months, eventually lifting total petroleum output in 2025 to a 46-year high. That recovery is the best indication that talk about permanent damage is wishful thinking. The 2020 experience is invaluable now, as the country’s engineers will have learned from previous mistakes. In some ways, the maximum pressure campaign of five years ago means that Tehran is better placed today to survive the blockade.

For sure, Iran is likely to incur extra costs as a result of the disruption to output, and the amount of oil it can eventually recover from its reservoirs may be lower than otherwise — but that’s a problem for 2035, 2040 or even 2050, not 2026.

Iran is under pressure economically, but the blockade is unlikely to deliver the silver bullet that Trump yearns for. For some hawkish policymakers and analysts, the economic damage is good enough, but it’s important to remember that the blockade is a means to force Iran to negotiate, not an end in it self. Viewed through that lens, it hasn’t delivered what the White House wants. And it probably won’t.

BTW, many Gulf countries are also cutting production they cannot ship out.

Meanwhile… only today:

The World Bank just published its Commodity Market Outlook, reminding us that it’s more than oil:

imagePrior to the conflict, vessels passing the Strait accounted for close to 35 and 20 percent, respectively, of global seaborne trade in crude oil and refined petroleum products, as well as 20 percent of trade in liquefied natural gas. In addition, the Gulf region is a critical source of fertilizers—especially urea—as well as chemical inputs for many industries, such as helium and sulfur, and a large contributor to global aluminum supplies.

Ken Griffin suggests retail investors do not understand private credit

(…) “The real issue here is the liquidity mismatch between the retail investor and the duration of the investments,” Griffin said in an interview with the FT. “We live in a world where retail investors have become accustomed to having immediate liquidity for their investments . . . investing in private credit is a different story.”

  • FYI: JPMorgan’s Dimon Expects Credit Downturn To Be ‘Worse Than People Think’ – Says He Doesn’t Worry About US Economy – Worse Case That He Worries About Is Stagflation
U.A.E.’s OPEC Exit Deals Major Blow to Cartel Amid Middle East Oil Squeeze Sudden departure threatens an organization hobbled by internal disunity and the rise of American output

(…) The war in Iran has piled on more pressure by exacerbating rifts among the Arab countries at the core of the group and by closing the Strait of Hormuz, through which the group’s biggest producers export most of their oil, making it impossible for the group to influence the market during its biggest supply shock.

The U.A.E. is in a relatively privileged position with the ability to circumvent the blockade in the strait by routing more than half of its oil exports across the country. Withdrawing from OPEC will give it more freedom to make investments to expand its output and adjust to the uncertain future of the waterway.

The U.A.E. in recent years has asked to produce more of its oil under OPEC’s output accords. It has grown less willing to compromise as its relations with OPEC heavyweight Saudi Arabia, a neighbor and sometimes military partner, have frayed amid competition for regional leadership. By withdrawing, the U.A.E. is diminishing its relationship with a longstanding Arab-led bloc and aligning itself more closely with the U.S. (…)

The exit takes away 13% of OPEC’s production capacity, according to figures by the International Energy Agency, damaging the organization’s market management capabilities. (…)

The U.A.E. has taken the brunt of Iran’s retaliatory attacks during the war. Iran has fired more than 2,800 drones and missiles at the country, far more than it fired at any other in the Gulf or even Israel. (…)

The Iran war “is likely to have sharpened the view in Abu Dhabi that existing relationships may not have proven their value in a time of crisis,” Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, a Persian Gulf expert and fellow with Rice University’s Baker Institute. (…)

The U.A.E. has production capacity of 4.8 million barrels a day and is currently allowed around 3.4 million barrels a day under OPEC’s quota system. Once outside the group, it will have both the incentive and the ability to increase production.

By breaking free from OPEC’s rigid quotas, the U.A.E. gains the flexibility to aggressively increase its oil production on its own terms. It is among the world’s lowest-cost oil producers, and its government can balance its budget at a lower oil price than most Gulf peers.

From the FT:

(…) The UAE is not the first country to leave Opec since its creation; in recent years, Indonesia, Qatar, Ecuador and Angola have all departed.

But Raad Alkadiri, a veteran Opec watcher and senior associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said what was “striking” about the UAE’s announcement was the timing.

“This smacks of a political motive far more than an oil market motive,” said Alkadiri. “It speaks to the geopolitical faultlines in the Middle East as much as it does to anything market related in the short- to medium-term.”

Relations between the UAE and Saudi Arabia were already at a low ebb due to alignments with warring factions in Yemen and growing rivalry as competing business hubs in the region. The Iran war exacerbated those differences.

The UAE’s departure would probably not be “fatal” for the group unless it triggered a ripple of other departures. “The end of Opec has been written a whole host of times, and Opec has been able to adapt,” said Alkadiri. But he noted that if Venezuela, Iraq or Iran considered a departure, that would significantly weaken the group.

“Those countries may now have more leverage in Opec decision-making than they did before”.

Nevertheless, the wider Opec+ alliance still accounts for around 40 per cent of global oil output even after the UAE’s departure. Holding this wider group together will be key to Opec’s future, said Alkadiri. “If Saudi leadership holds that more fragile alliance together, the impact of the UAE departure can be managed.”

Some analysts believe the UAE will come to regret the move. “I would not be surprised if in the future the UAE reconsiders its decision,” said Bob McNally, the founder of energy analysts Rapidan, explaining that without careful management of the market, oil prices could become highly volatile, particularly if there is a glut of crude.

“When we next have oversupply, there will be a similar pressure on major producers to collaborate,” he said. “What’s less clear is when we will have oversupply again. It could be near term if we have a massive recession like in 2008, or it could be many years from now.”

CONSUMER WATCH

From Bank of America card data:

(…) a higher proportion of lower-income households appear to make only the minimum payment on their credit card accounts and this share in March 2026 is also above 2019 levels for all income cohorts.

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BNPL users in Bank of America data tend to have significantly higher credit card utilization rates. Indeed, lower-income households that are heavier users of BNPL (making more transactions a month) tend to have the highest credit card utilization rates, so their overall credit availability may be fairly limited.

This year’s tax refunds are around 10% higher on average than in 2025 due to the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBA). While some of these refunds are being spent, it appears that some are being saved, too – the increase in savings is, so far, in line with that seen in 2025.

This boost will likely be a significant support to households if the ongoing gasoline shock endures: in the April Consumer Checkpoint, we suggested that even for lower-income households, higher refunds could cover rising gasoline bills for at least five months.

In our view, the biggest risk to consumers likely comes if the current increase in gasoline prices leads to a broader uptick in prices of other core necessities such as utilities and food, as these make up larger shares of household budgets. Groceries in particular are a bigger slice of households’ monthly spend.

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Trump’s $1.5 Trillion Defense Plan Draws Rare Republican Pushback

Key congressional Republicans are poised to break with Donald Trump on his proposed 44% raise for the Pentagon, a rare act of defiance that signals the president’s weakening grip on Washington as the midterm elections near and he quickly approaches the back half of his second term.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth will head to Congress Wednesday and Thursday to defend Trump’s hoped-for $1.5 trillion defense budget, a number that’s already facing pushback from members of both political parties. (…)

Few any longer dispute that America’s public debt is growing unsustainably and that, sooner or later, the task of reining it in will be unavoidable. Oddly, this presumption of inevitability has bred a kind of complacency. In the end, whether we like it or not, the problem will have to be solved. Therefore, it will be solved. So what’s the hurry?

The answer is that further delay makes an orderly solution harder to envisage. Eventually a point will come where a well-planned remedy is impossible, because the fiscal adjustments would crash the economy. At that point, the only remedy will be default, explicit or by means of high inflation. Americans need to take this disturbing prospect much more seriously. The problem is already so intractable — structurally intractable, you might say — that workable answers have become harder to imagine than outright fiscal collapse.

The headline numbers might be depressingly familiar — but take a look at Jessica Riedl’s new fiscal chartbook, just published by the Brookings Institution, and consider the sheer scale of the task. The main forecasters expect US budget deficits to run at roughly 6% of GDP for the foreseeable future. These estimates postulate full employment, no recessions, no major wars, no pandemics and “current law” (which assumes that some recent tax cuts and spending increases will expire) as opposed to “current policy” (which assumes they won’t). Relax that last assumption and the deficits will be 7% of GDP or more.

Even under implausibly favorable conditions, public debt is on track to surpass its Second World War peak of 106% of GDP in another few years. By 2036, it will exceed that by a margin of 30 percentage points, and after that will keep rising.

Within a decade, so long as interest rates are no higher than now, debt service is set to absorb 30% of what the government collects in taxes; within another 20 years, more than half. If interest rates start to price in fears of fiscal stress, the debt’s upward trajectory will accelerate, adding to those fears, raising interest rates some more and making the debt path steeper still — the classic vicious circle. (…)

As Riedl’s charts explain, to hold federal debt at 100% of GDP, longer-term savings in the form of tax increases and/or spending cuts would have to run between 4% and 5% of GDP — equivalent to more than $2 trillion a year by the middle of the next decade.

Suppose the US raised its income tax rates across the board by 10 percentage points: This would cut only about 3.5% of GDP from projected deficits. A European-style value-added tax of 20% — likewise inconceivable — would cut maybe 3% of GDP from future deficits.

Taxing household incomes above $200,000 (single) and $400,000 (married) at 50% would yield about 1.5% of GDP in savings; a wealth tax like the one proposed by Senator Bernie Sanders another 0.6%.

All these are “static” estimates, by the way, which assume heroically that much higher taxes wouldn’t be partly self-defeating by suppressing growth.

The spending side is no easier. Two programs account for almost all of the actual and projected rise in deficits: Social Security and Medicare. Yet one thing that a supposedly polarized Washington has agreed upon is not to touch either category of spending. To accommodate their growth, other programs have been squeezed over time, but there’s not much left to trim. In some cases, quite the opposite: Spending on defense will surely need to increase because of broken alliances and the deteriorating geopolitical environment.

Once you understand the scale of the problem, you see that an effective solution requires an equally unimaginable political transformation. (…) The country needs another Simpson-Bowles project, only bolder, with a commitment to follow through: Right now, the idea is laughable.

Sad to say, barring an AI miracle or a rebirth of functional politics, the likeliest outcome is therefore default — gradual, with higher inflation eroding the real value of federal debt, or sudden, with outright debt restructurings and all the attendant mayhem. Meantime, more of the same isn’t going to cut it.

How did Hemingway get bankrupt again? “Gradually, then suddenly”.

BTW, Canada’s budget deficit is 2% of GDP.

The U.S. Wants to Ban China’s High-Tech Cars, but They’re Already Here in El Paso

(…) “If they were allowed to be sold in the United States,” Hernandez boasted of the Chinese models, “they would destroy the American car market.”

U.S. automotive executives don’t entirely disagree. Without a clear plan to deal with Chinese competitors, some of them said in interviews, the arrival of affordable, high-tech Chinese cars could upend a U.S. industry that contributes $1.3 trillion to the economy each year.

“I’m telling you, it is very difficult—not to say impossible—to compete,” said Hyundai Motor Chief Executive José Muñoz. “We cannot compete at the same price as the Chinese in the market where we operate. Otherwise, we will be losing money.”  (…)

The U.S. has applied sky-high tariffs to vehicles imported from China, and regulations make it nearly impossible for such vehicles purchased in Mexico to be registered in the U.S. A trio of senators has urged the Trump administration this month to ban Chinese vehicles sold and registered in Mexico and Canada from entering the country; several dozen House lawmakers sent a similar letter this week. A Senate bill to prohibit China’s carmakers from building cars in the U.S. is being crafted. (…)

The threat to the U.S. car industry, which notched more than 16 million new-vehicle sales last year, is unlike anything it has faced in decades. Having largely abandoned budget cars years ago, Detroit’s Big Three now rely heavily on expensive SUVs and pickup trucks that deliver fatter profits. At the same time, fewer entry-level models are being offered to car buyers. No new car offered in the U.S. today has a sticker price below $20,000. The Chinese have vehicles ready to fill that market hole.

Auto executives and lawmakers say China has created an unfair playing field, with heavy government subsidies and ultralow labor costs. In addition to applying tariffs, the U.S. government banned Chinese-connected software in new cars.

BYD, Geely and Great Wall Motors are now among the biggest carmakers in the world. They have been gobbling up market share in Europe and other parts of Asia. In Mexico, Chinese vehicles account for a quarter of total sales. Soon, Canada will allow tens of thousands of inexpensive Chinese EVs to be imported.

Sen. Bernie Moreno (R., Ohio) said the bill he plans to introduce would “hermetically seal” the U.S. from Chinese automakers. Chinese cars from Canada or Mexico couldn’t be driven into the country. American car companies couldn’t pursue joint-ventures with Chinese automakers. Chinese car companies that own U.S. brands, such as Geely-controlled Volvo and Polestar, would have to divest themselves of those brands by 2030. (…)

About 30% of American car buyers would be open to buying a vehicle from China, up by 15 percentage points from a decade prior, according to a survey by Strategic Vision, a market-research firm.

Federal regulations allow Mexican residents and those with dual citizenship to drive their cars into the U.S., even if their vehicles aren’t compliant with relevant standards. That is giving Americans along the border a firsthand look at the Chinese competition. (…)

In the 1970s, Toyota and other Japanese car companies began grabbing market share. The subsequent entry of Hyundai and Kia undermined any lingering edge domestic carmakers had in the budget sedan market. The combined market share of General Motors and Ford Motor, once roughly 70%, declined sharply, and Chrysler nearly went bankrupt in the early 1980s. (…)

In a 2011 interview, Tesla Chief Executive Elon Musk burst out laughing when asked about an EV that BYD hoped to bring to the U.S. “Have you seen their car?” Musk said. (…)

Earlier this decade, [Bob Lutz, a former senior executive at Ford, Chrysler, BMW and GM, where he was vice chairman] said, he had an epiphany about how advanced Beijing has become when he bought a China-made Buick Envision crossover, which GM exported to the U.S. It rocked him—the fit and finish, the absence of road noise, the “total silkiness and sweet refinement” of the vehicle, he said. “I thought, ‘Boy, if they know how to make Buicks like this in China, they obviously know how to make great cars.’” (…)

Despite the current barriers keeping Chinese cars out of the U.S., there is resignation in the industry that they will eventually come. In some ways, they are already here. Alphabet’s autonomous driving unit Waymo is currently outfitting purpose-built robotaxis made by Zeekr, a Geely-owned brand, which are imported and worked on at an Arizona plant. Some Chinese-made Volvos have been exported to the U.S. (…)

(…) Could the Geely Galaxy M9 work in the U.S.? Yes, absolutely. This could be an incredibly competitive SUV in a class full of strong contenders. (…)

Meanwhile, in Europe:

Volkswagen rolls out cheaper EVs in battle with Chinese carmakers

Volkswagen has unveiled one of its cheapest electric vehicles to date, as it bets on a series of new launches to boost profits from affordable battery-powered models and compete with Chinese rivals.

The ID.Polo, launched on Wednesday, will retail from about €25,000 and is the standard bearer in a new “family” of four entry-level EVs to be released this year across three Volkswagen Group brands — VW, Škoda and Cupra.

The cars were developed jointly, generating savings of about €650mn by avoiding duplicating work across the brands, said Volkswagen, which is seeking to boost the profitability of its EVs and reduce the cost of producing mass-volume models.

“This is how we are making electromobility economically viable in the volume segment and accessible to the masses,” VW brand chief executive Thomas Schäfer said at an event in March.

The vehicles share a common platform, have almost 80 per cent of the same components and will be produced at a single factory in Spain, where labour costs are lower than in Germany. (…)

The ID.Polo’s starting price compares with just under €23,000 for the entry-level version of BYD’s Dolphin Surf, which is in the same segment. (…)

The new ID.Polo will be followed next year by the release of the smaller and even cheaper ID.Every1 with prices starting at €20,000. (…)

In the US of A:

It’s never a good idea to sack the entire National Science Board Donald Trump is spurning the research that makes progress possible

(…) the National Science Board, has set the long-term strategic direction of American research {since 1950]. On Friday, the White House abruptly fired all its 22 members. (…)

The purge comes after the nomination last year of Jim O’Neill, a close associate of Peter Thiel, as the agency’s new head (the tech investor is yet to be confirmed). Separately, Donald Trump has remoulded the usual presidential circle of science advisers to include 12 technology or business figures, including Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg and Nvidia’s Jensen Huang, and just one academic.

These events tell us something important: first, that Trump does not grasp the value of investing in research for the long term; second, that he does not believe in diversifying the national portfolio, and is instead betting heavily on AI; and finally that Bush’s ideas on how nations should best foster scientific enterprise no longer apply in the country that pioneered them.

The 22 dismissed advisers — who include computer scientists, chemists and engineers — received an email saying their posts had been terminated with immediate effect. In a statement, Sudip Parikh, who heads the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was not an adviser, called the firings “the latest in a string of erratic decisions that are destabilizing not only the National Science Foundation, but all of American science”.

The country, Parikh fumed, was “abdicating” its position as a global leader in research.

The advisers were next due to convene on May 5.

Clock According to the journal Nature, the board was preparing a report on how the US is losing scientific ground to China. The Trump administration has a habit of junking advisers with inconvenient opinions.

Last year, the health department, led by vaccine sceptic Robert F Kennedy Jr, ousted members of a committee advising on immunisation policy. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy did not respond to a request for comment. (…)

King Charles subtly rebukes Donald Trump despite show of unity Flattery and pomp of the occasion fail to conceal strained US-UK relationship

In King Charles’s speech to a joint session of Congress, the first by a member of the British royal family in more than 30 years, he admonished his hosts on Capitol Hill — and down the road at the White House.

“America’s words carry weight and meaning, as they have since independence,” the 77-year-old British monarch said. “The actions of this great nation matter even more.” (…)

Speaking to Congress, King Charles simply alluded to conflicts in Europe and the Middle East posing “immense challenges for the international community and whose impact is felt in communities the length and breadth of our own countries”.

But the King did not pull all his punches. His speech reflected European concerns that the US might be going rogue, turning its back on its traditional allies and losing its democratic bearings.

He touted the importance of Nato and support for Ukraine, which have been called into question by Trump, and value of the “rule of law” and an “independent judiciary” which the administration’s critics fear is fraying in the US.

King Charles also evoked “the principle that executive power is subject to checks and balances” in the face of Trump’s attempts to give himself much broader authority over other branches of government.

But it is unclear if Trump saw those comments as swipes from the King. Following King Charles’s speech to Congress, the White House released a photo of Trump and the British monarch laughing. “TWO KINGS,” said the caption.

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YOUR DAILY EDGE: 28 April 2026

CONSUMER WATCH

Americans feel worse off financially than at any point in 25 years, Gallup finds

The number is higher than at any point since 2001, even compared with recessions during the pandemic or in the wake of the financial crisis.

This is the fifth consecutive year that more Americans say their finances are worsening rather than improving.

When asked to identify their most important financial problem, 31% cited the cost of living. Energy costs are mentioned by 13% of Americans, up 10 percentage points from last year and the highest since 2008.

A line chart that shows the share of Americans saying their financial situation is getting worse in annual surveys from 2001 to 2026. The measure ranges from 27% in 2002, 2017 and 2019 to 55% in 2026. It climbed to 49% in 2008, 50% in 2020 and 53% in 2025.

Data: Gallup. Chart: Emily Peck/Axios

OpenAI Misses Key Revenue, User Targets in High-Stakes Sprint Toward IPO The company’s CFO and board have questioned the wisdom of massive data-center spending in the face of slowing growth

OpenAI recently missed its own targets for new users and revenue, stumbles that have raised concern among some company leaders about whether it will be able to support its massive spending on data centers.

Chief Financial Officer Sarah Friar has told other company leaders that she is worried the company might not be able to pay for future computing contracts if revenue doesn’t grow fast enough, according to people familiar with the matter.

Board directors have also more closely examined the company’s data-center deals in recent months and questioned Chief Executive Sam Altman’s efforts to secure even more computing power despite the business slowdown, the people said.

The spending scrutiny is constraining Altman’s once-boundless ambitions ahead of a potential initial public offering that could take place by the end of the year. Friar and other executives are now seeking to control costs and instill more discipline in the business, at times putting them at odds with their CEO, people familiar with the issue said.

“We are totally aligned on buying as much compute as we can and working hard on it together every day,” Altman and Friar said in a joint statement. Any suggestion that the pair are divided or pulling back on securing new computing resources is “ridiculous,” they said. (…)

The “buy everything” computing strategy was buoyed by ChatGPT’s seemingly invincible success, and had the support of both Friar and the board. But the chatbot’s growth slowed toward the end of last year, sowing fresh doubt among company leaders about the approach.

OpenAI missed an internal goal of reaching one billion weekly active users for ChatGPT by the end of last year, according to people familiar with the goals. The company still hasn’t announced that milestone, unnerving some investors. It also missed its yearly revenue target for ChatGPT as well after Google’s Gemini saw massive growth late last year and ate into OpenAI’s market share, the people said. The company has also struggled with defection rates among subscribers, according to people familiar with those figures.

OpenAI missed multiple monthly revenue targets earlier this year after losing ground to Anthropic in the coding and enterprise markets, people familiar with its finances said.

OpenAI recently raised $122 billion in what was the largest funding round in Silicon Valley history, putting it on more solid financial footing. But the company has signed up for so much computing power that it expects to burn through that amount in the next three years, assuming that it meets ambitious revenue targets. Some of the funding is also conditional and depends on specific agreements with partners. (…)

  A number of AI companies including Anthropic have faced a capacity crunch for computing in recent weeks, leading to price increases for access to AI processors, outages and rationing. The challenges have rankled power users of AI products, especially coders who have grown frustrated when AI systems have been unable to finish tasks in a way they had come to expect from past use.

OpenAI said in a recent memo to investors that it has been able to secure more computing capacity than Anthropic, giving it an advantage in reaching users. The memo, which was viewed by The Wall Street Journal, also addressed Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei’s veiled criticism of OpenAI at a recent business conference, when he said some companies had pulled “the risk dial too far” on data-center spending.

“In hindsight, that caution looks less like discipline and more like underestimating how fast demand would arrive,” the OpenAI memo said. (…)

She [Friar] has emphasized to executives and board directors the need for OpenAI to improve its internal controls, cautioning that the company isn’t yet ready to meet the rigorous reporting standards required of a public company. Altman has favored a more aggressive timeline for an IPO, some of the people said. (…)

Entering the phase where models and products and compute capacity matter as users experience applications and adapt their usage. Anthropic’s Claude is growing so fast that it is upsetting market shares but having Anthropic scramble for compute, even raising prices to slow demand.

OpenAI is working with a slew of consulting firms, including Accenture, Capgemini and PricewaterhouseCoopers, to help sell its artificial-intelligence coding tool Codex to businesses.

Also on Tuesday, OpenAI said it reached four million weekly active Codex users, up from three million just two weeks ago. The AI company said it had more than two million users last month. (…)

The ChatGPT maker has been locked in a heated battle with rival Anthropic to win over corporate clients and developers. Anthropic has become a dominant AI provider for businesses due in part to the viral success of its coding and AI agent products. (…)

Both Anthropic and OpenAI have used consulting firms as a tactic to help spread the adoption of AI and agents throughout the business world. Anthropic, which hasn’t publicly shared how many people are using Claude Code, said in February that the number of weekly active users for its AI coding assistant had doubled since Jan. 1. (…)

The FT reported on April 14 that 

The Claude-maker’s annualised revenue surged from $9bn at the end of 2025 to $30bn at the end of March, driven by demand for its coding tools.

Anthropic’s business appears to have leapfrogged OpenAI, which hit $25bn in annualised revenue in February, though the companies use different accounting methods to book revenue, making direct comparison difficult.

Denise Dresser, OpenAI’s new chief revenue officer, accused Anthropic of overstating their revenue “by roughly $8bn” by “grossing up [revenue] share with Amazon and Google”, in a note to staff on Sunday.

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Note, however, that OpenAI and Anthropic revenues have reached a combined run-rate of nearly $55B, up 55% from $35B only last February.

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Bloomberg:

A basket of companies connected to OpenAI has underperformed peers significantly in recent months, rising by about 75% since the end of 2024 compared with gains of more than 300% for a similar group of Alphabet Inc.-tied stocks. (…)

Perceptions about OpenAI’s leadership shifted last fall after Alphabet’s Gemini AI model and Anthropic’s Claude received broad acclaim. These updates from consumer and business-focused rivals have sparked repeated selloffs in companies considered proxies for OpenAI.

“OpenAI’s growth has been phenomenal since the release of ChatGPT but competitors are stealing a march from both sides,” said Anna Macdonald, investment strategy director at Hargreaves Lansdown.

There is also this risk as Christophe Barraud explains:

Musk v. OpenAI

Hovering over all of this is a courtroom battle that could have existential consequences. Elon Musk—a co-founder of OpenAI—has sued the company, arguing it betrayed its original nonprofit mission by transforming into a profit-driven enterprise.

The case, now underway in California, is not just symbolic. Musk is seeking remedies that go far beyond financial damages:

  • forcing OpenAI to return to nonprofit status
  • stripping leadership, including Sam Altman, of control or equity
  • unwinding parts of its commercial structure, including ties with Microsoft

A Musk victory would strike at the heart of OpenAI’s investment thesis. First, forcing a return to nonprofit governance would make a traditional IPO nearly impossible.

Second, leadership disruption—especially the removal of Altman—would inject instability at the worst possible moment.

Third, unwinding commercial agreements (notably with Microsoft) could destabilize OpenAI’s revenue engine and infrastructure backbone.

Finally, even the process of litigation itself introduces uncertainty. As analysts note, the trial could “cost OpenAI billions” and complicate fundraising efforts already underway. Paradoxically, OpenAI does not need to lose for the lawsuit to be damaging.

The trial is exposing internal communications, governance disputes, and strategic tensions at the highest levels of the company. These revelations risk undermining investor confidence—particularly in a market already questioning valuations across the AI sector. In other words, the lawsuit adds reputational and operational risk precisely when OpenAI needs maximum credibility.

Meanwhile:

China’s DeepSeek prices new V4 AI model at 97% below OpenAI’s GPT-5.5

DeepSeek has slashed prices on its artificial intelligence models, including its latest V4 which now costs 97 per cent less than OpenAI products, potentially triggering a price war in the highly competitive AI market.

DeepSeek said on Sunday that it would reduce prices for “input cache hits” – where previously processed context was reused – for application programming interface (API) users to one-tenth of the original level, bringing the minimum input cost down to about US$0.14 per million tokens.

DeepSeek said the cuts were effective immediately and would be permanent.

The great American data centre divide Many rural communities are viscerally opposed to AI infrastructure, putting them at odds with the White House

(…) Data centres, once clustered around cities and towns, are moving into farm country in search of cheap land and tax incentives. According to Pew Research Center, 67 per cent of planned data centres are in rural areas, while 87 per cent of existing data centres are in urban ones. “Rural communities have become a target,” says Miquel Vila, lead analyst at Data Center Watch, a research project run by AI security company 10a Labs. More than 160 new AI-focused data centres have been built across the US in the past three years, a roughly 70 per cent increase on the total, according to Bloomberg data. (…)

Pew research found that Americans are far more likely to view data centres as harmful than beneficial in terms of environmental impact, domestic energy costs and quality of life in nearby communities.

The issue is awkward for President Donald Trump and his party. Republican strategists are increasingly wary that the administration’s support for AI could trigger a backlash among key voter blocs, including farming communities, ahead of November’s midterm elections. Around 78 per cent of US counties dependent on agriculture voted for him in 2024, according to analysis of election data by Investigate Midwest.

In rural areas from Illinois to West Virginia, new data centre proposals have led to packed public meetings and organised opposition as residents push back. In Indiana, shots were fired at a local lawmaker’s home and a note left on his doorstep reading “no data centers”.

Democratic politicians have called for tighter regulation and Republicans in several states have campaigned against new developments, reflecting the backlash. Even in solidly Republican Texas, agriculture commissioner Sid Miller has argued that projects should be directed towards less productive land, warning that the “unchecked spread of data centres on to prime farm and ranchland is a real and growing threat to our food supply”. 

But the picture is mixed for farmers. While some worry about the industrialisation of once-agrarian communities, others welcome the opportunity to cash in on soaring land prices or to generate additional income.

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The debate has reverberations far beyond America’s farm belt, pitting two visions of the country’s economic development against each other. In the view of the White House and much of Big Tech, the data centres will help the US maintain its lead in AI. (…) But rural communities, along with many Americans, worry about the immediate impact of data centres on water and power costs and the broader disruption they represent for people’s way of life. (…)

Data centres have already emerged as a significant driver of economic expansion in the US, accounting for 80 per cent of private sector growth in the first half of 2025, according to S&P Global. (…)

The Saudis Could Help End the War. Will the US Listen?

(…) There was a time when the House of Saud was as enthusiastic as Israel to prod the US into military action against Iran’s nuclear program — to “cut off the head of the snake,” as the late King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz put it in 2008.

But that was before the kingdom made a huge bet on economic diversification that demands stability to succeed; before the unashamed Israeli expansionism that followed Hamas’s Oct. 7 terrorist assault; and before President Donald Trump prioritized Israeli security interests over those of his Gulf Arab allies by starting this war.

With the conflict underway, Riyadh now finds itself a victim, with multiple conflicting — and potentially existential — interests to protect and few means to do so. (…)

The wider danger here is that Saudi Arabia emerges into a new post-war reality in which it becomes a bit player, tossed around by the actions of others in a new regional security order forged by Israel and Tehran, with the US, China and Russia weighing in from afar. It is a measure of this war’s folly that both of Trump’s possible next steps — to resume the war or negotiate a weak and unstable peace — will significantly damage core US allies, an outcome that’s likely to have a long geopolitical tail as they reassess their security interests.

Even before the war, Riyadh had been looking for hedges against its over-dependence on an increasingly unreliable US guarantor. Those included a thaw in relations with Tehran, as well as closer ties to China — though both were limited in what they could realistically achieve.

So, Saudi Arabia looked to the region’s other middle powers. It has been reconciling with Turkey, once a bitter rival, since 2022. It signed a military accord with Pakistan in 2025. Adding Egypt, a long-standing ally, these relationships have developed into a kind of quad partnership that operates outside Washington’s direct orbit.

The four were pursuing common interests in the Horn of Africa before Feb. 28, and with Pakistan taking the lead, they’ve now sought a mediating role in the US-Israeli conflict with Iran.

Whether the group can assert itself sufficiently to give Saudi Arabia the lost geopolitical agency it wants is an open question. The limits of its influence over such powerful military players as the US, Israel and Iran is now on cruel display. (…)

Disunity and the relative weakness of the coalition’s constituent parts rank high among those hurdles. The United Arab Emirates, for example, should be another natural Saudi partner, but it’s more tightly allied to Israel and before the war had been pursuing an active rivalry with Saudi Arabia and its “quad.”

The UAE is less keen than the Saudis on seeing a weak, mediated deal with Iran, and more ready to endure escalation in the hope of forcing regime change in Tehran. (…)

Trump went to war ignoring the advice and interests of his Gulf Arab allies. It isn’t clear why resuming and escalating the conflict would deliver on regime change when it has failed to do so until now. Nor, as Iran’s willingness to snub a second round of talks with the US and submit its own package of demands shows, does Trump, contrary to his claims, hold all the cards.

This war was a gamble that Trump made, with other people’s money and other nations’ security and economies for stakes. With a fragile ceasefire in place and an unattractive deal on offer from Tehran, the smartest thing he can do is start listening to what the Saudis have to say about how best to escape his ill-advised war with the least possible damage.

US Tariff Changes Could Raise Deficit by $1.1 Trillion, CBO Chief Says

Recent shifts in US tariff policy may add $1.1 trillion to federal budget deficits over a 10-year period, though exact calculations aren’t yet possible, according to the director of the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.

“We haven’t gotten to a point at which we’re comfortable making that kind of long term” estimate, CBO Director Phillip Swagel said in an interview with Bloomberg Television Monday.

The Supreme Court’s decision striking down President Donald Trump’s ability to impose tariffs using emergency economic powers on its own adds $2 trillion to deficits over a decade, Swagel said. Trump’s moves so far to replace the revenue stream with other trade measures add up to $800 billion to $900 billion — or “just shy of half” the revenue canceled by the ruling, he said.

“The deficit over 10 years would be about $1.1 trillion higher because of the net of the Supreme Court taking away some tariffs, the administration putting back some,” Swagel said. “The administration has a lot of authority to impose new tariffs and change them around,” so it’s difficult to figure on an exact deficit number until the process is complete, he indicated.

Pointing up Swagel also said that the impact on energy prices from the war in Iran is offsetting the boost to the economy from the tax cuts enacted in 2025.

“It looks like the higher energy prices affecting households is roughly offsetting the benefits” from the cuts, he said. “There’s of course effects on business investment and effects on inflation and all that is in mix. We haven’t had to do another budget update, so we haven’t done the economic forecast yet that would underpin that.”

A Bill Aimed at Creating Homes Is Leaving Plots Empty Instead The Senate housing bill would severely restrict build-to-rent homes.

Developer TerraLane Communities was about to start construction on two new housing communities in Arizona and Texas, projects that would create around 300 new single-family homes to rent out.

But before any shovels got in the ground, the Senate passed a bill that severely restricts the build-to-rent business. Uncertain about the industry’s legislative future, investors demanded that TerraLane pause the project. The firm had five other potential build-to-rent deals that it is no longer pursuing.

“These projects are designed specifically for families that can’t afford housing in the community,” said Chief Executive Steve La Terra. “This bill, which is designed to provide more housing, is doing the exact opposite.” (…)

But one of the bill’s provisions stopped home builders in their tracks. It would force developers to sell, within seven years of completion, newly constructed homes that they built solely for the purpose of renting.

Developers say that investors won’t put money into new rentals that they can own for only a few years before having to sell them off. Even though the bill isn’t yet law, investors and lenders are scurrying away from simply the threat of this legislation.

Already, at least $3.4 billion of investment for these so-called build-to-rent projects is frozen in place, according to an early survey of 14 build-to-rent firms by Inclusive Abundance and Up for Growth, both housing-policy lobby groups.

That translates to about 10,000 units of housing. And it is likely just a sliver of the impact across the entire build-to-rent industry, which roughly includes more than 1,700 firms, according to John Burns Research & Consulting. (…)

“It’s putting the industry out of business,” La Terra said. (…)

Many build-to-rent tenants would likely be forced to leave their homes if they can’t afford to buy their properties themselves. And converting build-to-rent communities to individual for-sale homes would be an entirely new construction project because these properties are often zoned for multifamily use and share utilities like underground electric wiring and water meters.

“You’d have to dig up the streets,” Whiteley said.

Price of access to Trump’s memecoin VIP reception plunges

The price crypto traders were willing to pay for a ticket to a “VIP reception” with Donald Trump this weekend plunged relative to last year’s event, in the latest sign of the digital asset community’s waning interest in the US president’s foray into memecoins.

The 297 biggest holders of the $TRUMP coin during a specific window are granted access to a conference on Saturday featuring speeches by the president, boxing champion Mike Tyson and Tether chief executive Paolo Ardoino, as well as a gala lunch with Trump.

Of these, the top 29 qualifying holders are given access to a VIP reception with the president, as well as “other Superstar guests”. Analysis by the FT shows that winners of a VIP ticket held a median of $539,000 of $TRUMP, or about 191,000 coins, at the end of the contest. That compares with approximately $3.28mn, or 250,000 coins, last year.

The discounted prices suggest traders have largely fallen out of love with the Trump memecoin, despite the offer of access to the president. The coin is down 93 per cent from its peak, according to data from CoinMarketCap, mirroring a broader collapse in the prices of memecoins — crypto tokens linked to online trends that function purely as vehicles for speculation.

“Memecoins have gotten wrecked,” said Austin Campbell, managing partner of crypto advisory firm Zero Knowledge Consulting. “The Trump brand is not enough of a carrot to elevate them.”

The industry’s relationship with the president “was a shotgun marriage” after regulatory crackdowns under prior administrations and the name no longer holds the same value, he added. (…)

The contest is the second such gathering since Trump launched the memecoin in January 2025 shortly before his inauguration.

Unlike last year, when winners of the contest raked in profits after the price of $TRUMP jumped, bidders this year do not appear to have profited from the competition, with the coin’s price dipping below its $2.90 price when the contest began.

The US first lady, Melania Trump, has a separate memecoin, which is down around 94 per cent from its peak. (…)

Senate Democrats earlier this month requested more information on the president’s role in the event to “fully understand the extent to which President Trump and his family are profiting”, according to a letter sent to the organiser, a Trump ally named Bill Zanker. (…)

FYI:

Prompt like a pro

Jim VandeHei, Axios CEO, offers four specific ways for you to get more out of AI this week: better prompting (tonight), improving AI memory (Tuesday), starting a business using AI (Wednesday) and running a business using AI (Thursday).