The enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it’s the illusion of knowledge (Stephen Hawking)

It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so (Mark Twain)

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YOUR DAILY EDGE: 16 June 2025

OIL WATCH

Higher Oil Prices Magnifying the Ongoing Stagflation Shock

According to the Fed’s model of the US economy, a sustained $10 increase in oil prices is expected to increase inflation by 0.4% and lower GDP by 0.4%.

Tariffs also increase inflation and lower GDP growth.

Restrictions on immigration also increase wage inflation and lower employment growth.

In short, higher oil prices exacerbate the ongoing stagflation shock stemming from tariffs and immigration restrictions.

Stagflation is a problem for the FOMC when they meet next week. Higher inflation says the Fed should be hiking. Lower GDP growth says the Fed should cutting. So will the FOMC next week put more weight on the upward pressure on inflation or more weight on the coming slowdown in growth? (WSJ)

Ed Yardeni:

The latest war in the Middle East means that investors are facing a host of known unkowns. How long will the war last? Not long if Israel continues to knock out Iran’s military assets. Crippling strikes against Iran’s nuclear facilities haven’t occurred yet. But Iranians living near these sites have been warned by the Israelis to run for the hills to avoid radiation released when the sites are bombed.

Will the price of oil continue to soar, resulting in a global recession and another worldwide spike in inflation? Previous spikes have been associated with recessions in the US (chart). If Iran shuts the Strait of Hormuz, the price could soar, but there would likely be a swift response by the US and our allies to reopen the Strait by obliterating Iran’s naval forces.

The Israelis have destroyed the proxies that Iran had established in Gaza, Lebanon, and Syria. So instead of facing a multi-front war, the Israelis have been able to throw their massive military resources (directed by remarkably precise military intelligence) at the Mullahs, who might be toppled from power.

Port of LA Imports Drop 19% in May as Tariffs Hit US Businesses

(…) “We’ve already blown past summer fashion and looking forward now to back to school and Halloween before the all important year-end holidays,” Seroka said. “Cargo for those micro seasons needs to be here on the ground right now. I don’t necessarily see that in inventory levels.” (…)

In May, cargo handlers at the Port of Los Angeles processed a total of about 717,000 equivalent units, or TEUs. About 356,000 of those were imports, a 19% drop compared to last month and 9% lower than May 2024, Seroka said.

Exports through Los Angeles fell to just over 120,000 containers, marking the sixth straight month of year-on-year declines as other countries responded with retaliatory tariffs, particularly for US agricultural goods, Seroka said. (…)

Despite the canceled and delayed orders, importers still paid a record $23 billion in customs duties in May, US Treasury data released this week showed.

That translates to an average effective tariff rate of roughly 7.5% to 8%, up from 2.5% at the beginning of the year, according to Ernie Tedeschi, director of economics at Yale University’s Budget Lab and a former Biden administration official.

And there’s still a ways to go before all of the tariffs announced by the Trump administration are implemented, Tedeschi said at the Port of Los Angeles briefing. “We estimate that current policy is equivalent to a 15.5% average effective tariff rate, including the new announcements for 2025 and the levels prior to them.”

But:

China’s total exports slid modestly month-over-month in May. Underneath the relatively stable topline, the significant divergence continued.

Exports to the US (measured in USD value terms) dropped another 17% sequentially in May after a 20% decline in April. On the other hand, exports to EU, Japan and Africa gained. The past two months’ data highlighted the difficulty for bilateral tariffs to meaningfully reduce total Chinese exports. (Goldman Sachs)

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China-US Deal Didn’t Address Some Rare Earths Controls: Reuters

The trade agreement reached by US and China in London left export restrictions tied to national security unresolved, Reuters reported, citing two people familiar with the matter.

Beijing hasn’t committed to granting export clearance for certain rare-earth magnets needed by US military suppliers in fighter jets and missile systems, according to the report.

US officials also signaled they may seek to extend existing tariffs on China for a further 90 days beyond an Aug. 10 deadline agreed during previous talks in Geneva, Reuters cited the people familiar as saying.

Taiwan Imposes Technology Export Controls on Huawei, SMIC

Taiwan’s International Trade Administration has included Huawei, SMIC and several of their subsidiaries in an update of its so-called strategic high-tech commodities entity list, according to the latest version that was made available on its website on Saturday. (…)

The new restrictions imposed by Taipei are likely to at least partially cut off Huawei and SMIC’s access to Taiwan’s plant construction technologies, materials and equipment essential to build AI semiconductors, like those made by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. for the likes of Nvidia Corp.

In Huawei’s case, several of its overseas units including in Japan, Russia and Germany were also captured in the update to Taiwan’s entity list. Both Huawei and SMIC — and some of their subsidiaries — are also on the US entity list, which has significantly limited the companies’s ability to acquire foreign technology. (…)

While Taiwan has for years imposed certain blanket bans on the shipments of critical chipmaking equipment including lithography machines to China, it hasn’t included leading Chinese tech companies or chipmakers on its entity list previously. TSMC, the go-to chipmaker for Apple Inc. and Nvidia, cut off its supplies to Huawei in 2020 because of US export controls.

Huawei, together with SMIC, shocked American politicians in 2023 by releasing an advanced, made-in-China 7-nanometer chip. While the two are struggling to improve their technologies due to various curbs, they are still China’s best hope to help fill in the AI chip gap left by a lack of Nvidia’s most sophisticated semiconductors. (…)

CONSUMER WATCH

American travel demand declines as US consumers cut costs Travellers pare back holiday plans amid economic uncertainty

Fewer passengers travelled through US airports in the past 90 days than in the same period last year, as air traffic declined for the first time since the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, according to analysis of figures from the Transportation Security Administration by TS Lombard.

Prices for airline tickets and hotel accommodation also dropped on a seasonally adjusted basis between April and May, according to figures published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics on Wednesday. Operators said it had been increasingly difficult to fill rooms, as President Donald Trump’s trade war stokes fears of inflation and unemployment.

“The uncertainty in the environment is creating cautionary behaviours from guests,” Joan Bottarini, chief financial officer at hotel group Hyatt, told an investor conference last week in New York.

US consumers across all income levels cut their spending on lodging and airlines in the year to May, compared with the same period in 2024, according to an analysis of credit and debit card spending by Bank of America. The decline is a further blow to the US tourism industry, which is reeling from sharp drops in visitors from Canada and Europe amid political and economic tensions and some tourists experiencing hostile treatment at the US border.

Canadian air travel to the US fell almost a quarter in May compared with the same month in 2024, according to Statistics Canada. There were also more than 7 per cent fewer arrivals from France and Germany, the two largest US tourism markets in mainland Europe, in the year to April, according to the International Trade Administration.

The biggest pullback on travel spending was among lower-income households, according to Bank of America. Wealthier consumers only marginally reduced their spending, meaning that luxury hotels were mostly insulated from the slowdown. “The higher end is still actually prioritising travel and experiences and it’s showing up in our numbers,” said Hyatt’s Bottarini.

Selling available rooms was “definitely more difficult” for “lower end” accommodation providers, added Ewout Steenbergen, executive vice-president and chief financial officer at Booking Holdings, the owner of travel agencies Booking.com, Kayak and Agoda. He said company data showed both “shorter stays” and more last-minute bookings in the US.

As reservations come in later and later, many hotels and campsites, which typically adjust their fees in line with demand, have been “unable to command the price increases they’d like”, according to Adam Sacks, president of research group Tourism Economics. Sacks said the tourism industry’s slowdown was the result of low- and middle-income Americans choosing cheaper options, such as road trips, rather than cancelling their vacations altogether.

“Travel remains a priority for households but they’re trading down. They’re still taking a trip but it’s just closer to home or its shorter.” Jaime Chandra’s short-term rental property in the countryside near Durham, North Carolina, has been unusually quiet so far this year — even after she reduced her prices and cut the minimum booking duration from three nights to two. 

“Normally by March we’d already have most of the summer weekends booked, but by that point this year we had next to nothing on the calendar,” said Chandra, who advertises on both Airbnb and Vrbo, and typically rents to road-trippers from nearby cities. Business has slowed at Cozy Hills and Skyridge Trails, the two campgrounds Lelah Campo runs in Litchfield County, Connecticut. (…)

“Travel has always been one of the best early indicators of a turn in the economy, because it is an expense most easily deferred,” said Steven Blitz, chief US economist at TS Lombard.

(…) Canadian travelers, which account for about a quarter of all international tourists to the U.S., are boycotting it in droves this summer. (…) Up to 40% of the Old Orchard’s visitors come from Canada, according to the local chamber of commerce, and many are canceling plans. (…)

Overall in Old Orchard Beach, bookings are down between 10% and 20% this summer, the local chamber says. John Donovan, who runs the Friendship Oceanfront Suites, has dropped his three-night minimum to draw more business but says U.S. tourists are being more cautious on spending, too.

“We’re getting hit from both ends,” he says. (…)

Tomorrow we get US retail sales for May. Spending on goods has likely weakened as BofA warned us last week

Seasonally adjusted (SA) spending per household declined 0.7% month-over-month (MoM), with the three-month seasonally adjusted annualized growth rate (SAAR) at -0.9% for May.

Bank of America card data shows that the decreases in both gasoline and retail (excluding gasoline and restaurants) spending offset the increase in spending on services. Payback from tariff buy ahead was clear in electronics, which saw a sharp pullback in May.

We’ll have to wait for the end of the month to get how services are actually offsetting. We know that labor income is still growing near 5% YoY so total spending probably followed.

Now we have to worry about oil prices, piling on tariffs angst.

A Day in a Life Without Immigrants

From John Authers:

(…) According to George Saravelos of Deutsche Bank AG:

While everyone is focused on the impact of tariffs, the real story for the US economy is the collapse in immigration: down more than 90% compared to the run rate of previous years, equivalent to a slowing in labor force growth of more than 2 million people. This represents a far more sustained negative supply shock for the economy than tariffs.

Also unlike tariffs, anti-immigration policies have strong popular support, while Americans appear evenly divided over the ugliness on the streets of Los Angeles. (…)

An economic experiment lies ahead — do the benefits of immigration outweigh the costs? (…)

Not even Democrats want to encourage migration. As vice president, Kamala Harris told potential migrants: “Do not come. Do not come.” Coming from her, the message didn’t land. It does now. And the meaning is clear that there is no statute of limitations. However long you’ve been in the US, if you’re not legal, “you gotta go home.”

In theory, immigration can have positive or negative effects on inflation and unemployment. Migrants mean greater demand, which pushes up prices. They also increase the supply of labor, reducing costs for businesses and prices for consumers. The question for economists is whether there is a shortage or surplus of labor.

This divides the Republican Party — although their answers to an economic question tend to reflect cultural priorities. Turning Point USA’s Charlie Kirk, a vocal Trump proponent, argues that it’s time “to ban Third World immigration, legal or illegal” because the US has “reached our limit, and we have a huge cultural, educational, housing, financial and essential services problem to fix now because of it.”

The business wing of the party, and its natural supporters in Wall Street, take the opposite position. Vincent Deluard, macro strategist at StoneX Financial, argues that MAGA policies raise labor costs and are part of a “long march towards economic populism” and an agenda of “redistributing income to workers.”

After the pandemic, the US suffered a severe labor shortage, and job vacancies surged to an all-time record. That fueled a return to inflation and a wave of immigration, leading to what Deutsche’s Saravelos calls a Goldilocks mix of high employment growth and low wages. If the immigration halt endures, he says, “it must follow that over the course of the year the reverse will happen.”

For economists, the issue isn’t difficult. As Andrew Harris, of London’s Fathom Consulting, puts it: “There’s a negative supply shock, from restricted migration, and a positive demand shock from reshoring. How is that not going to be inflationary?”

It’s possible that minds will change if the economic experiment plays out, and America discovers that it needs its migrants after all. Absent that clear evidence, however, the issue is cultural. Anti-immigrant sentiment long predates Trump, and spreads far beyond the US. Though now driven primarily by the populist right — from Nigel Farage’s various British parties that drove Brexit, through France’s Le Pen to the Alternative für Deutschland — it’s also about the left, and it involves intellectuals as much as the masses.

The British liberal journalist David Goodhart published “The British Dream” in 2013, arguing that the left had been wrong about immigration, which, he said, created “a kind of development distortion, the human equivalent of global trade and fiscal imbalances” in which well-educated people left countries that needed them for places where they could enjoy a higher standard of living.

Labour Prime Minister Keir Starmer shocked many observers last month with a white paper to “restore control over the immigration system.” Just as conservatives were ready to compromise before Trump arrived, now figures on the left feel they must appease the anti-immigrant movement.

In the US, a country almost entirely made up of migrants and their descendants, opposition to migration is more complicated. But in 2004, the Harvard political scientist Samuel Huntington published a hugely controversial essay, The Hispanic Challenge. He argued that Hispanics were less prepared to assimilate than their predecessors, kept themselves apart in enclaves, and rejected “Anglo-Protestant values that built the American Dream.” They hadn’t crossed oceans, but merely walked across a border. Indeed, most came to the US not just to settle but to earn money to build “una casa por mama.” Huntington warned of a risk ahead from

the rise of an anti-Hispanic, anti-black, and anti-immigrant movement composed largely of white, working- and middle-class males, protesting their job losses to immigrants and foreign countries, the perversion of their culture, and the displacement of their language.

Writing in the year of Un Dia Sin Mexicanos, he invoked another movie: 1993’s Falling Down, in which Michael Douglas plays a frustrated white man who has lost his job and explodes with violence against the migrants who now dominate Los Angeles.

A sequel to Un Dia is in the works. The original ends with the migrants reappearing as suddenly as they had vanished, and emotional scenes of reconciliation. “Damn these gringos are f***ing cool,” says one immigrant as he’s hoisted on the shoulders of border control agents who cannot contain their delight that Mexicans are back. Such a cinematic ending would be preferable — but it looks as if the US will have to experience life without immigration for a while before any such happy ending is possible.

President Trump has ordered Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to “expand efforts to detain and deport” undocumented immigrants in Democratic-run cities. (…)

Trump wrote via Truth Social he’s ordering ICE officers to “do all in their power to achieve the very important goal of delivering the single largest Mass Deportation Program in History.”

  • To achieve this, Trump wrote “we must expand efforts to detain and deport Illegal Aliens in America’s largest Cities, such as Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York, where Millions upon Millions of Illegal Aliens reside.”
  • He added that these and other cities were the “core of the Democrat Power Center” as he echoed baseless claims he made during the 2024 presidential election about Democrats using undocumented immigrants to “cheat in Elections,” among other allegations that he did not provide evidence on.

Top Trump aide Stephen Miller and Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem demanded late last month that ICE seek to arrest 3,000 people a day — triple what agents were arresting in the early days of the second administration.

  • However, Trump acknowledged Thursday that his “very aggressive” immigration policies were ripping long-time workers from the farming and hospitality industries and moved to halt ICE raids on those working at hotels, farms, meatpacking plants and restaurants.
  • The administration’s hardline immigration policy has triggered nationwide protests, and many of the millions at Saturday’s “No Kings” demonstrations that were held to counter the military parade Trump hosted on his birthday displayed signs that were critical of ICE raids.

An Axios analysis found that efforts to arrest and remove unauthorized immigrants already appear most aggressive in five southern states with Democratic-leaning cities, while deeply red, rural states are seeing less activity.

  • The Axios review of removal orders, pending deportation cases and agreements between immigration officials and local law enforcement agencies sheds light on where the Trump administration is dispatching resources to support its mass deportation plan.
  • The analysis shows local law enforcement agencies in Texas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and Virginia have been most cooperative with ICE through deals known as “287 (g)” agreements.

The data analyzed by Axios and the locations of the agreements between federal and local authorities reflect a few simple truths about immigration enforcement across the U.S.

  • There aren’t nearly enough federal agents to meet Trump’s unprecedented deportation goal of deporting a million immigrants a year.
  • In some places where the Trump administration faces a gap in resources, local law enforcement agencies are unable or unwilling to meet the feds’ demands or expand beyond their usual enforcement duties.

I wrote last week:

This chart illustrates the contribution to employment, and to the economy, and to inflation through lower wages, that foreign born workers have had in the last 10 years, even more so in the last 5 years. Native Americans in the labor force have barely increased since 2019 while the total labor force rose by 12.5 million, virtually all foreign born. That is truly part of American exceptionalism, isn’t it?

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Trump is now considering shielding farming, hotel and leisure sectors, but how about construction, so crucial for MAGA plans, and all others listed in the above chart?

Gosh, the economy is so complicated!

Axios adds:

There are about 8.5 million undocumented workers in the U.S., according to an estimate, soon to be published, provided by Matthew Lisiecki, senior researcher and policy analyst at the Center for Migration Studies.

There’s a fairly high share of undocumented workers in fast-growing occupations like data scientists and software developers,” he says. (…)

Many firms are now undertaking I-9 audits to make sure their workers are authorized.

“Employers are scrambling to figure out who they can employ because one of their obligations is to verify someone if their employment authorization is ending,” says Daniel Pierce, an immigration lawyer at Fragomen. (…)

Instead of hiring Americans, some multinationals with offices outside the U.S. are just hiring more workers overseas, says Krause-Vilmar. “The reality is this is not good for America. It’s in our national interest to keep jobs here.”

China’s Consumer Boom Seen Temporary as Weak Sentiment Persists

(…) Retail sales grew 6.4% last month, the fastest pace since December 2023 and exceeding all estimates. That contrasted with a mild slowdown in industrial output and fixed-asset investment, as Donald Trump’s tariffs hurt overseas demand.

The official data released Monday positions China for solid growth in the second quarter at around 5%, which is the official target for the year. This resilience gives Beijing more breathing room as it copes Donald Trump’s trade war, while potentially delaying broad stimulus measures.

The risk is that retail sales may pull back as temporary tailwinds fade. An earlier-than-usual online shopping festival in May, for instance, could cannibalize June sales. A gloomy job market and worsening home prices will likely continue to push households toward saving over spending. (…)

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Retail sales benefited from the so-called 618 annual shopping festival that typically started at the end of May. A similar early shopping season also boosted receipts in October, but the bump turned out to be short-lived as November figures slowed.

Also boosting consumption was a government initiative subsidizing home appliances like television sets and gadgets. Among products covered by the initiative, the sales of household electronics soared 53% in May from a year ago, the fastest pace on record. Sales of mobile phones and other communication equipment also jumped 33%.

Sales of product categories covered by the government program are now running almost 20% above where they’d be without the subsidies, according to Oxford Economics estimates. Other items were broadly flat in May from a year ago, based on its estimates.

These government subsidies are largely drawn from Beijing’s issuance of ultra-long special sovereign bonds this year, of which 300 billion yuan ($41 billion) was earmarked for the program. Local media reports indicate funds in some regions are already depleting, indicating the need for more funding allocation if authorities wish to sustain the spending frenzy.

While the subsidies have proved an effective tool for boosting domestic spending, economists contend a lasting rebound in consumer sentiment demands broader fixes. Falling home prices — which recorded the worst drop in months — continue to erode people’s wealth and income, sapping their desire to consume. Salary cuts across various sectors perpetuate a deflationary cycle that pressures corporate profits and household purchasing power. (…)

The government also brought forward its sales of bonds this year, providing an early boost to infrastructure project funding. Infrastructure investment expanded 5.6% in the first five months of the year, keeping the momentum largely intact since the beginning of 2025. (…)

The WSJ adds:

Property investment in the January-to-May period was down 10.7% from the year-ago period, data showed, while new construction starts fell 22.8%. Average home prices across 70 major cities tracked by the government fell last month.

In a research note published after the data were released, Capital Economics economist Zichun Huang said she expects growth to slow this year to around 3.5%, as measured by the consultancy’s proprietary gauge of the Chinese economy, citing an expected weakening in exports because of trade conflict and the ongoing property crisis.

China’s Home Prices Fall Faster as Officials Pledge Support

New-home prices in 70 cities, excluding state-subsidized housing, dropped 0.22% from April, when they slid 0.12%, National Bureau of Statistics figures showed Monday. Values of used homes fell 0.5%, the sharpest decline in eight months.

Residential sales by value declined 6.1% in May from an already low base a year earlier, according to Bloomberg calculations based on other official data released Monday. The monthly decline has exceeded 6% so far this quarter, accelerating from 0.4% in the first three months.

Real estate investment saw a deepening decline, slumping 12% on year in May, Bloomberg calculations showed. That was the steepest drop since December.

In an April survey of 2,500 respondents, UBS found elevated expectations for further property price declines. That will likely continue to dissuade homebuyers and depress market activity in the coming quarters, they cautioned.

At a State Council meeting last Friday, Premier Li Qiang pledged action to make the real estate market “stop declining,” state broadcaster CCTV reported. When China’s top leaders first voiced such a policy target last September, a stimulus package ensued.

Goldman Sachs shows the big difference between primary (new) and secondary (existing) markets. Everybody is underwater with no end in sight:

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And adds in another analysis:

China’s falling population and slowing urbanization suggest decreasing demographic demand for housing, although declining family sizes provide a partial offset. We calculate that annual demographic demand in urban China will average only 4.1mn housing units per year in 2025-2030, compared to 9.4mn units per year in the 2010s. It is striking that China’s demographic demand for new urban housing likely halved within a decade. (…)

Academic and industry research suggests that the home vacancy rate in urban China was around 20% in 2020 (significantly higher than the rate in the US and Japan). With house price expectations falling, we expect an annual average investment demand of -1.8mn units in 2025-2030, followed by -1.2mn units per year in the 2030s. In other words, holders of investment properties are likely to be net sellers (to owner-occupiers) for the foreseeable future.

Taken together, China’s urban demand for new properties is likely to remain slightly below 5mn units per year in the coming years, 75% below its peak of 20mn in 2017. (…) Barring major policy changes regarding urbanization and regional development, however, it is difficult to see the need for new home construction to rise above 5mn units per year in urban China.

EARNINGS WATCH

From LSEG IBES:

497 companies in the S&P 500 Index have reported earnings for Q1 2025. Of these companies, 76.3% reported earnings above analyst expectations and 18.9% reported earnings below analyst expectations. In a typical quarter (since 1994), 67% of companies beat estimates and 20% miss estimates. Over the past four quarters, 77% of companies beat the estimates and 17% missed estimates.

In aggregate, companies are reporting earnings that are 6.2% above estimates, which compares to a long-term (since 1994) average surprise factor of 4.3% and the average surprise factor over the prior four quarters of 6.8%.

Of these companies, 63.3% reported revenue above analyst expectations and 36.7% reported revenue below analyst expectations. In a typical quarter (since 2002), 62% of companies beat estimates and 38% miss estimates. Over the past four quarters, 62% of companies beat the estimates and 38% missed estimates.
In aggregate, companies are reporting revenues that are 0.9% above estimates, which compares to a long-term (since 2002) average surprise factor of 1.3% and the average surprise factor over the prior four quarters of 1.2%.

The estimated earnings growth rate for the S&P 500 for 25Q1 is 13.7%. If the energy sector is excluded, the growth rate improves to 15.7%.

The estimated revenue growth rate for the S&P 500 for 25Q1 is 5.0%. If the energy sector is excluded, the growth rate improves to 5.4%.

The estimated earnings growth rate for the S&P 500 for 25Q2 is 5.7%. If the energy sector is excluded, the growth rate improves to 7.6%.

Trailing EPS are now $251.76. Full year 2025e: $263.14. Forward EPS: $269.57e. Full year 2026e: $299.97

Corporate officers are not terribly worried for now:

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Same for analysts although their energy forecasts could prove too pessimistic, which might make their consumer-related forecasts too optimistic:

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Goldman’s David Kostin:

The resilience of household demand for equities is vital because households represent the largest ownership category of the US equity market. Households directly own 38% of the US equity market and control an even larger share including indirect ownership through funds. In particular, most household equity ownership is concentrated among relatively wealthy individuals. The top 10% of households by wealth represent 87% of aggregate household equity ownership.

Households allocate 49% of their total financial assets to equities, the highest level on record and slightly above the previous peak of 48% in 2000. US households’ high allocation to equities is a key differentiator relative to other regions where households allocate a much lower share of their assets to equities, such as Japan (13%) and the Euro Area (10%).

Within 401(k) plans, the average allocation to equities has grown from 66% in 2013 to 71% in 2022 and has been especially pronounced for participants in their 20s (76% to 90%).

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Very interesting chart:

Source:  @jimwpaulsen

Trump cuts US public spending on health science to lowest level in decade Cost-cutting drive forces universities to dip into endowments and harms companies selling lab supplies

Treasury department data shows cash disbursed from the National Institutes of Health dropped to $2.8bn in May, down 28 per cent from April and the lowest absolute dollar outlay since September 2014, according to Jefferies, an investment bank.

Already in June, pancreatic cancer grant funding for the University of Florida and cash for a coronavirus study at Washington State University have been eliminated, according to Grant Watch, a website set up by researchers to track funding cuts.

The research halted goes well beyond diversity, equity and inclusion projects that the Trump administration has criticised. For decades, the US has funded billions of dollars in research at universities, which had the scientific expertise that the government lacked.

The NIH is the biggest government provider of medical and health research. Its budget totalled $47.7bn in 2024 and four-fifths of that money is disbursed to universities and hospitals as grants for specific projects, according to the Congressional Research Service. (…)

Northwestern has not been paid since late March but has received no official notification from the government about a funding freeze, a university spokesman said. (…)

The funding freezes have forced universities to cancel existing purchase orders with companies, according to sources involved in these transactions. Already, companies that sell to university labs have been hit hard by the NIH cuts. (…)

YOUR DAILY EDGE: 13 June 2025

CONSUMER WATCH

Autos: How much gas is left in the tank?

One notable area where consumers appeared to be “buying ahead” before the imposition of tariffs, was autos. As we reported in the April Consumer Checkpoint, Bank of America data on consumer vehicle loan originations rose sharply in late March following the March 26 announcement of a 25% tariff on autos and auto parts imported into the US.

And, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis data on auto sales for March and April showed a pronounced spike, with the seasonally adjusted annualized rate (SAAR) of sales peaking at 17.8m in March.

This increase in auto sales has moved the ratio of auto dealer inventories-to-sales lower over the past year, from an already depressed point compared to pre-COVID 19 levels. While Bank of America consumer vehicle loan originations indicate that demand for vehicles appears to be stabilizing – also evident in the drop back in auto sales data to 15.7m SAAR in May – the supply shock of tariffs means a further decline in inventory is likely, according to BofA Global Research.

This may leave consumers with fewer options and – while auto prices dropped in May according to the consumer price inflation data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) – there remains a possibility of further pressure on car prices over time.

If auto prices rise due to tight inventory and tariffs, how much additional strain could be placed on consumers’ wallets? Bank of America payments data shows that overall median car payments are already more than 30% higher than the 2019 average and have now outpaced both new and used car prices, possibly as there is a push towards more expensive cars. In May, Bank of America monthly car payments accounted for 13% of households’ median deposit balances.

In fact, from June 2024 to May 2025, the share of households whose monthly average car payment increased by over $400 a month from the period two years earlier was 11 percentage points (pp) greater than those who saw a decline. And according to Bank of America data, of households who have a monthly car payment, 20% have one greater than $1000 a month.

According to data from the New York Federal Reserve, the contribution of auto debt to overall consumer debt balances actually fell quarter-over-quarter (QoQ) in Q1 2025, so the underlying pace of auto loan growth may be slowing even if buying ahead was a temporary upward pressure.

One reason for this may be a tightening in credit availability for auto financing, with the New York Fed’s most recent Credit Access Survey finding the average perceived probability of a rejection for an auto loan application reached 33.5% in February – the highest level since the start of the series.

Cooling auto loan growth alongside continued labor market strength and solid wage growth among younger households (see our June Consumer Checkpoint) is likely helping mitigate some of the risks from rising auto payments. And it appears a rise in newly delinquent auto loans may have levelled off. Still, in our view, there continues to be pressure on consumers’ finances and the situation warrants continued attention.

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President Donald Trump said he may raise US auto tariffs in order to boost domestic auto manufacturing, a move that could further ratchet up tensions with trading partners.

Trump spoke Thursday at a signing ceremony for legislation terminating California regulations that would have banned the sale of gasoline-powered cars in 2035 — a long-sought victory for some carmakers and oil companies that attacked the rules as unachievable.

The president said raising auto tariffs from their current 25% level could offer further protection for the domestic auto industry, citing General Motors Co.’s plan to invest $4 billion in US plants over the next two years in order to avoid paying duties.

“I might go up with that tariff in the not too distant future. The higher you go, the more likely it is they build a plant here,” the president said.

The president’s latest threat comes more than a week after he doubled steel and aluminum tariffs to 50%, and as he faces negotiations with dozens of trading before his July 9 deadline for higher duties to take effect. (…)

The measures signed Thursday in the East Room of the White House revoke California clean air policies, including requirements that carmakers sell electric vehicles in greater numbers each year in the state.

“We officially rescue the US auto industry from destruction by terminating California electric-vehicle mandate once and for all,” Trump said. “They said it couldn’t be done, but boy it’s had us tied up in knots for years.”

The resolutions Trump signed Thursday repeal waivers granted under former President Joe Biden allowing California to set automobile pollution standards that are more stringent than federal requirements.

That power — enshrined in the Clean Air Act of 1970 — has helped the nation’s most populous state emerge as a global leader in setting industry-shifting clean-air and and climate policies.

Among the programs effectively voided by Trump on Thursday is a California initiative that compelled the sale of zero-emission vehicles over the next decade, ultimately banning the sale of conventional, gas-powered cars in 2035.

Trump applauded Congress for moving to strike the measures, saying it would prove longer lasting than if he acted on his own. (…)

The US Department of Transportation has separately signaled it plans to roll back Biden-era fuel efficiency rules that would require automakers reach a fleet average about 50 miles-per-gallon by 2031. (…)

The Atlanta Fed’s Wage Growth Tracker held steady in May at 4.3 percent.  For people who changed jobs, the tracker declined to 4.1 percent in May from 4.3 percent in April.  For those not changing jobs, the Tracker edged down to 4.3 percent in May from 4.4 percent the prior month.

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That jibes with the BLS hourly earnings stable at the 4% YoY growth level. Crucially, overall inflation is now 2.4% with a rapid deceleration in CPI-Essentials, now 2.9%, down from 4.4% one year ago, mainly thanks to energy, down 3.1% YoY. Lucky break from the Saudis or slowing demand from weaker economies?

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Meanwhile, unemployment claims are creeping up, particularly continued claims now at their highest non-pandemic level since March 2018. Job losses are not exploding but people losing their job have a hard time finding a new one.

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Spiking oil prices could put sand in the gears of the Trump’s tariffed engine, eating into Americans’ discretionary income and quickly boosting costs throughout the economy, particularly in services which have nicely contributed, so far, to keeping overall inflation subdued.

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Ed Yardeni:

May’s PPI inflation report, released today, was lower than expected as was May’s CPI inflation report yesterday. The PPI final demand for personal consumption edged down to 2.6% y/y in May, while the CPI rose only 2.4% during the month (chart). Both suggest that May’s PCED inflation rate might have dropped to 2.0%, which would finally be down to the Fed’s target for this inflation rate. The Cleveland Fed’s Inflation Nowcasting for PCED inflation is a bit higher at 2.3% for both May and June. Either way, the relevant data suggest that President Donald Trump’s tariff hikes have yet to boost consumer price inflation as widely expected.

The Case for Rate Cuts Is Growing Tariff inflation has been muted, and cracks are appearing in the labor market

(…) In May, the Treasury Department collected roughly $15 billion more in customs duties than in February. That is equal to about 3% of total consumer spending on goods. Some goods prices have risen, but not by that much. And in May, prices fell on some obvious tariff targets such as apparel and new cars.

This is a head scratcher. If consumers aren’t paying the tariffs, who is? Not foreign producers, at least through April, when import prices excluding fuel rose. Not, apparently, retailers and wholesalers, whose margins took a hit in April but bounced back in May, according to the producer price report released Thursday. (…)

Economists think tariff effects will become more apparent in coming months. But that alone isn’t reason enough for the Fed to stay on hold. Tariffs represent a one-time boost to the price level, which means after a year inflation should revert to its pre-tariff trend. The question is whether tariffs push the trend higher.

The good news is that in the last few months the trend has eased. A key reason inflation has been slow to return to the Fed’s 2% target had been stubborn service prices, and that can in great part be blamed on housing costs cooling more slowly than economists and the Fed expected based on private rent data. (…)

Services inflation has also been damped by plunging airfares, thanks to more empty seats and cheaper jet fuel.

Together, this is why excluding energy, services inflation fell to 3.5% in May, from 4.5% in December, which in turn has nudged core inflation (which excludes food and energy) to a four-year low of 2.8% in the last three months. Inflation according to the Fed’s preferred gauge, the price index of personal consumption expenditures, is also near its lowest since the pandemic, likely between 2.5% and 2.6% in May. It is running at around 1.3% annualized in the last three months. But for tariffs, the Fed would probably declare mission accomplished by year-end. (…)

The labor market today isn’t tight; it’s showing cracks. The unemployment rate, to two decimal places, has risen every month since January, by a quarter percentage point in all. At that pace it would reach 4.6% in the fourth quarter. This suggests the economy is growing slightly below its potential, which should keep a lid on price and wage pressures. (…)

Payroll growth looks healthy, at 139,000 in May. This, though, could be a head fake. From January through April. the Bureau of Labor Statistics initially reported hefty job growth only to revise that down sharply in later months. The same could happen with May data.

RBC Capital Markets recently noted that a string of negative revisions like this is common around recessions. Another hint: payroll processor ADP estimates that, based on a survey of its clients, private job growth was just 37,000 in May. (…)

Though not as out of whack as last September, rates are still roughly 0.5 to 1.5 percentage points above what Fed officials consider “neutral,” the level that keeps growth, inflation and unemployment stable. That restrictive stance make sense so long as inflation is all the Fed has to worry about. It no longer is.

Grep Ip wrote this before Israel attacked Iran’s nuclear facilities…

Some online merchants are eliminating free shipping, while others are raising the amount customers must spend to qualify for the perk as part of broader efforts to pass along higher costs to consumers. (…)

The average cost to ship a parcel including surcharges is $12.50 today, up from $9.53 in 2019, according to ShipMatrix. Parcel carriers United Parcel Service and FedEx this year raised their average prices 5.9%. (…)

Cass Freight Index® – Shipments

The shipments component of the Cass Freight Index was down 0.4% m/m in May.

  • Since volumes usually rise seasonally in May, shipments fell 3.4% m/m in SA terms.
  • The y/y decline in shipments was 4.0% in May, after a 3.6% y/y decline in April.

The trade war is having a variety of effects, with pre-tariff consumer spending still supporting freight demand. The negative consequences of tariff effects are partly reflected in May data, as pre-tariff inventory stocking has started to turn to destocking, and those stocks will start to thin in the coming months.

After rising 13% in 2021 and 0.6% in 2022, the index declined 5.5% in 2023 and 4.1% in 2024. So far, it is trending toward another decline in 2025.

In June, the shipments component of the Cass Freight Index would decline 2% y/y on the normal seasonal pattern.

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GOP Megabill Boosts Wealthy Households While Hurting Poor, CBO Says Middle-income Americans also would see gains from Trump’s agenda of tax reductions and spending cuts

Republicans’ tax-and-spending megabill would give more money to middle-income and high-income households while taking benefits away from low-income people, according to a Congressional Budget Office analysis released Thursday. (…)

The bill’s benefits increase steadily with income. Households near the middle of the income distribution would see their resources increase because of the bill by an annual average of $500 to $1,000, providing a boost worth 0.5% to 0.8% of their income. The top 10% of households would see a gain of about $12,000, or about 2.3% of income, largely because of tax cuts. That is all compared with current law, a scenario in which Trump’s 2017 tax cuts expire as scheduled Dec. 31.

On average, according to CBO, the bottom 30% of households would come out worse off, losing household resources. Income groups above that get more resources than they would under current law, on average. The bottom 10% of households would lose about $1,600 because of benefit cuts, equal to about 3.9% of income. (…)

The tax cuts do relatively little for lower-income people who don’t work or who pay federal payroll taxes but not income taxes. But many of them would be affected by the proposed changes to the Medicaid and food-aid programs, changes the Republicans have hailed as a major step toward lowering federal spending. Medicaid, a joint federal-state program, provides health insurance to more than 70 million low-income and disabled people.

The CBO analysis examines only the House version. Overall, the bill would increase budget deficits by $2.4 trillion over a decade. It also includes money for border security and national defense. Republicans say that estimate misses the economic growth the bill would create, and they contend that the growth would raise wages and help middle-income households.

They are also pointing to trillions in tariff revenue that isn’t in the bill but could help cover its costs, though most analyses say that middle-income consumers would bear much of the burden of tariffs.

Republicans say that their bill is essential to preventing a tax increase in 2026 and that the economy and working households would suffer if the tax cuts all expire.

“It would be what is known in economics as a sudden stop. It would be cataclysmic,” Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told the Senate Finance Committee on Thursday, warning of significant job losses. “Working Americans would bear the brunt.”

Republicans say many of the people losing benefits under the bill are those who are in the country illegally or who otherwise should be ineligible. (…)

How many is “many”?

Chinese consumption amid the new reality

Much like the US economy, China’s economy needs a strong and active consumer in order to sustain acceptable GDP growth rates.

In the US, housing is both a source of strength (wealth effect) and restraint (affordability).

In China, where housing can impact more than 20% of the economy, the main handicap is confidence that house prices will not collapse.

At the end of 2024, McKinsey’s Consumer and Retail Practice in China completed a nationwide survey covering more than 17,000 Chinese consumers.

Based on an analysis of our survey findings, along with macroeconomic analysis of consumption and urbanization trends provided by the McKinsey Global Institute, we highlight three key trends shaping the new reality of China’s consumer market:

  1. Consumers are accepting the new reality and moving on: After several challenging years that have dampened their confidence and willingness to spend, Chinese consumers are starting to move past this phase and are adjusting their shopping behavior.
  2. Confidence has stabilized: Consumer confidence has stabilized, though urban confidence has experienced a slight decline.
  3. Consumers are prioritizing personal fulfillment: Consumers are shifting their spending toward products and services that help them achieve personal fulfillment.\

Our survey shows that the consumer outlook for consumption growth in 2025 remains at a similarly cautious level as the previous year. Growth of annual consumption is expected to rise by 2.3 percent in 2025, roughly level with the 2.4 percent growth seen in 2024. This number is driven by a few key factors, such as China’s continued pace of urbanization, which expanded from 65.2 percent in 2022 to 67 percent in 2024. This is driving a rise in the growth of urban households in China, from 0.4 percent in 2024, to an expected 0.9 percent growth in 2025. (…)

Chinese consumers, on average, expect to grow their household income by 1.4 percent in 2025, down from 2.5 percent in 2024, and keep their savings rate unchanged.

The cautious attitude that persists among Chinese consumers is driven largely by their uncertainty regarding future financial prospects, which is driven by concerns over job security and the depreciation of their real estate holdings. Thirty-six percent of respondents in our survey reported experiencing “job anxiety,” aligning with broader data from the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Q2 2024 survey, which found that 48 percent of urban residents viewed the job market as “challenging/uncertain.” Depreciation of real estate assets remains a key factor restraining consumption for those who hold a pessimistic outlook toward their financial future.

My reading of McKinsey’s data makes me concludes that confidence actually looks worse this year than last: city consumers, the largest spenders, are actually significantly less confident than at the end of 2023. Rural people help keep the overall confidence level constant.

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And while McKinsey says that “Chinese consumers continue to increase their spending across most product categories”, I only see them increasing their spending on services while intentions on goods are negative.

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In the first quarter of 2025, services accounted for 43.4% of total per capita consumer spending in China, with goods making up the remaining 56.6%. Kuang Xianming, vice president of the China Institute for Reform and Development, projected that services consumption will exceed 50% of China’s total consumption by 2030.

Trump Vows to Shield Farmers From Deportations That Are Depleting Workforce

President Donald Trump conceded that his immigration crackdown was hurting US businesses and said policy changes covering farmworkers and the hotel industry will be made to address worker shortages.

“Our great Farmers and people in the Hotel and Leisure business have been stating that our very aggressive policy on immigration is taking very good, long time workers away from them, with those jobs being almost impossible to replace,” Trump said in a post on Truth Social. “Changes are coming.”

The post seemed to mark a rare acknowledgment by Trump about risks to the world’s biggest economy as he seeks to fulfill his campaign pledge to undertake the biggest deportation operation in history. Data last week showed the US workforce shrunk in May, partly because of the largest back-to-back decline in the number of foreign-born workers in the labor force since 2020. (…)

Trump told reporters at the White House on Thursday that he was going to issue an order soon to help shore up the workforce. He said farmers have told him that some employees, while not citizens, “turned out to be, you know, great, and we’re gonna have to do something about that. We can’t take farmers and take all their people and send them back.”

“So we’re going to have an order soon,” he said. “I think we can’t do that to our farmers and leisure to hotels.” (…)

Almost half of the more than 850,000 crop workers in the US are undocumented, the Department of Agriculture estimates. (…)

Some 5.8 million immigrants — both undocumented and legal — joined the US workforce during former President Joe Biden’s term in office. There are now 32.7 million estimated immigrants in the labor force, accounting for nearly one in five workers.

Recent migrants are more likely to take jobs in industries that face chronic labor shortages, which also include construction and food processing, data show. In places like New York and Texas, for instance, more than half of construction workers are foreign-born.

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“With foreign-born workers having been an outsized driver of labor force growth in recent years, sharply lower net immigration — let alone an outright decline — stands to weigh heavily on labor force growth,” Wells Fargo & Co. economists Sarah House and Nicole Cervi wrote Thursday in a note before Trump’s comments. (…)

Morgan Stanley economists estimate policy changes could sharply reduce net immigration to 300,000 this year and 200,000 in 2026, down from 2.9 million last year. In the longer term, a smaller contribution of foreign-born workers to the labor supply will magnify the challenges posed by the aging native-born population, they wrote in a note Thursday.

This chart illustrates the contribution to employment, and to the economy, and to inflation through lower wages, that foreign born workers have had in the last 10 years, even more so in the last 5 years. Native Americans in the labor force have barely increased since 2019 while the total labor force rose by 12.5 million, virtually all foreign born. That is truly part of American exceptionalism, isn’t it?

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Trump is now considering shielding farming, hotel and leisure sectors, but how about construction, so crucial for MAGA plans, and all others listed in the above chart?

Gosh, the economy is so complicated!

US Wine Exports to Canada Fall by Most in Over 20 Years

Wine shipments from the US to the northern nation fell 93%, the largest year-over-year decrease in monthly data from the US Census Bureau going back to 2002. The next two biggest wine markets for US producers — the UK and China — also imported less in April.

The collapse contributed to a 41% global decline in US wine exports in the month, following a 28% drop in March. (…)

Canada was the largest buyer of US wine in 2024, data from the United Nations show, accounting for about a third of total export value.

In March, Canadian provinces began removing US-made alcohol from government-run stores in response to US tariffs on Canadian goods — though some have recently resumed buying again. Canada still has a 25% import tax on US wine, which it implemented after the Trump administration started the tariff war. (…)

US 30-Year Bond Sale Spurs ‘Sigh of Relief’ After Weeks of Angst

The $22 billion sale followed weeks of fretting over whether spiraling budget deficits and President Donald Trump’s trade war would deter buyers from lending to the US for such a lengthy period. But it drew a yield of 4.844%, below the yield around the auction deadline. That was a sign of solid appetite, and 30-year bonds proceeded to extend their gains, leaving the yield down about 8 basis points at around 4.84% in late afternoon New York trading. (…)

Underscoring the buying interest, the group of primary dealers that underwrite US Treasury debt offerings were awarded 11.4% of the sale, the lowest amount they’ve been left with since November. The result followed a well-received sale of 10-year notes on Wednesday. (…)

Jurrien Timmer, Director of Global Macro @Fidelity

The chart illustrates the math: as long as the funding rate (10-year yield) remains below the nominal growth rate of GDP, the rising debt burden can be considered sustainable.

If it rises above the growth rate while debt levels are high and rising, we fall into a debt spiral. Makes sense, right?

If an entrepreneur takes out a loan to start a business, and that business grows faster than the interest cost, it’s a good use of leverage. But if a loan is taken out just to stay afloat, it’s not a good use of leverage.

The same applies to governments. We see that the nominal growth rate has generally been above the borrowing rate (…).

Now debt levels are at 117% and rising to 140% (per the CBO), while at the same time the 5-year annualized growth rate in potential nominal GDP is peaking at 6% and is projected (by the CBO) to fall to 4% in the coming years. That means that barring renewed growth in the labor force or a lasting burst in productivity (from AI?) the 10-year yield needs to stay at or below 4% in order to avoid a debt spiral.

That might be a tall order without help from the Fed. The math is very challenging here and suggests that the Fed Model will be a significant driver for equity returns in the years ahead. Less beta.

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AI CORNER
Tech war: Nvidia CEO says Huawei has everyone ‘covered’ if US chip ban on China stays

Nvidia founder and CEO Jensen Huang said his company’s technology remained a generation ahead of those developed by China, but warned that Huawei Technologies was in a position to expand its semiconductor business should US chip export curbs stay in place.

In an interview with US broadcaster CNBC on Thursday, Huang appeared to echo recent published remarks made by Huawei founder and CEO Ren Zhengfei, who said the Chinese company’s Ascend artificial intelligence (AI) processors lagged behind those from the US “by a generation”.

Ren, however, added that using methods like “stacking and clustering [on Ascend-powered machines], the computing results are comparable” to the most advanced systems in the world.

“AI is a parallel problem, so if each one of the computers are not capable … just add more computers,” Huang said in response to a question about Ren’s comments. “What he’s saying is that in China, [where] they have plenty of energy, they’ll just use more chips.”

“He was saying that China’s technology is good enough for China. If the United States doesn’t want to participate in China, Huawei has got China covered,” Huang added. “Huawei [also] has got everybody else covered.”

The 62-year-old Nvidia CEO’s televised comments, made on the sidelines of the annual VivaTech conference in Paris, reflect his concerns about Huawei’s growing AI chip capabilities, which he earlier raised during a closed-door meeting last month with the US House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Committee.

Remember my June 11 post in which I discussed the US energy problem vs China’s abundant energy.

(…) Energy has become a key ingredient in AI investments, themselves key factors in overall economic growth. The US economy is clearly facing energy bottlenecks ahead while China has been aggressively investing in its energy production infrastructure while reducing dependance on coal. (…)

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China delays approval of $35bn US chip merger amid Donald Trump’s trade war Beijing’s antitrust regulator postpones sign-off on Synopsys and Ansys deal

A $35bn US semiconductor industry merger is being delayed by Beijing’s antitrust regulator, after Donald Trump tightened chip export controls against China in a move that exacerbated trade tensions between the world’s two largest economies.

China’s State Administration for Market Regulation has postponed its approval of the proposed deal between Synopsys, a maker of chip design tools, and engineering software developer Ansys, according to two people with knowledge of the matter.

The transaction between the American groups, which has received the blessing of authorities in the US and Europe, had already entered the last stage of SAMR’s approval process and was expected to be completed by the end of this month, said the people. (…)