Edge and Odds

The enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it’s the illusion of knowledge (Stephen Hawking)

It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so (Mark Twain)

Edge and Odds

Invest with smart knowledge and objective odds

THE DAILY EDGE: 10 DECEMBER 2018: Good Fundamentals, Bad Technicals, Ugly Politics

U.S. Hiring Slows, With Wage Gains, Jobless Rate Steady

(…) After robust growth in the middle of the year, the economy has been flashing mixed signals of late. Equity markets are well down from early October and yields on U.S. Treasury bonds have fallen, indications of diminished investor expectations for growth and inflation. Business investment data have softened, the trade deficit has widened and concerns over global growth are mounting.

At the same time, however, the big driver of the U.S. economy—consumer spending—remains strong, supported in large part by improved wages and low unemployment. The unemployment rate held at 3.7% last month, matching the lowest rate since December 1969, and year-over-year wage growth matched the prior month’s 3.1% pace as the best rate since 2009. With oil prices falling and inflation softening recently, households are keeping more of what they earn. (…)

Unlike in 2007, aggregate weekly payrolls (hourly earnings x weekly hours, blue line) are not showing any signs of weakening. They are up 4.7% YoY in November, down from +5.2% on average since May but inflation is also slowing (last 3 months total PCE inflation +1.6% annualized, core +1.1%) keeping real purchasing power in the 2.5-3.0% growth range.

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Given that the U.S. economy is 70% consumer spending, these facts are crucial in assessing probabilities of a major slowdown or a recession:

  • employment growth is steady around 1.7% YoY;
  • hours worked remain within the normal range;
  • wages are also firm above 3.0% YoY;
  • core inflation has slowed markedly in recent months;
  • oil prices have declined 30% since summer and are down 13% YoY;
  • consumers, overall, are not in bad shape financially.

Source: Capital Economics (via The Daily Shot)

In 2007, consumer spending cratered as inflation doubled led by oil prices jumping from $55 to $133 within 18 months, an unlikely scenario given the weakening economies throughout the world and overall supply conditions. Let’s also not forget that the Fed had been incessantly jacking Fed Funds rates up from 1.0% in 2004 to 5.25% in mid-2006 and kept them there until September 2007.

The main risk to inflation and the economy currently seems concentrated in the U.S.-China trade negotiations. An unfavorable outcome would likely hurt global demand and boost U.S. inflation, probably causing a recession. Per one study:

(…) Our analysis finds that if all trade actions are implemented, the cumulative impacts on the US would include:

    • Gross domestic product (GDP) would be reduced by a projected -1.78 percent in 2019 (or $365.1 billion in 2017 dollars) with a long run reduction of -1.25 percent in 2030 (or $331.8 billion in 2017 dollars).
    • GDP losses are projected to cumulate to a discounted value of $2.8 trillion between 2018 and 2030.
    • All countries, except the US and China, gain from US trade actions and responses and increase GDP.
    • In 2019, households suffer losses equivalent to $2,357 per household (or $915 per person) in 2017 dollars.
    • High economic growth in the US will initially protect workers from unemployment, however as more trade actions are initiated, and partners respond, increased unemployment could ensue.
    • In 2019, we find that 2.75 million workers are likely to become unemployed if all trade actions are implemented concurrently. With the implementation of each additional trade action, underlying wage growth in the economy is diminished, increasing the probability that workers will become unemployed. With such large negative impacts from the combined trade actions, it will be difficult for the US to maintain wage growth and full employment.
    • A high proportion of these job losses affect agricultural and low-skilled workers (e.g., workers in manufacturing where activity will slow due to higher costs for intermediate inputs into the supply chain caused by US trade actions and its partners’ responses).
    • In addition to those unemployed, we also project a further 665,000 workers will be displaced in 2019 and must find employment in new industries. By 2030, 1.07 million workers will be employed in a different sector, but for the trade actions.
    Oil Prices Soar After OPEC, Allies Announce Production Deal Deal calls for removing 1.2 million barrels of oil a day from global market

    (…) Ultimately, Friday’s deal may have to be adjusted to take into account any further U.S. decisions on energy output and whether or not the Trump administration extends waivers on Iranian oil sanctions.

    “There’ll be more of these supply adjustments in the future, because OPEC policy is something of a slave to U.S. policy on Iran and whenever there are waivers they have to cut,” said Norbert Rücker, head of macro and commodity research at Julius Baer. “When there are no longer waivers OPEC will have to supply again, and this volatility may persist over the coming months.”

    “Soar” sounds exaggerated considering that Brent is $61 this morning, from $59 last week.

    Eurozone Economy Grew More Slowly Than Previously Estimated

    The eurozone’s slowdown was broader than previously suspected in the three months through September, fresh figures show, affecting sectors as diverse as farming, construction and a range of services.

    That is likely to make policy makers at the European Central Bank, and the eurozone’s broader economic leadership, a little less hopeful going into 2019, because fragility was evident far away from the automobile factories of Wolfsburg and Turin.

    The European Union’s statistics agency lowered its estimate for eurozone third-quarter growth to 0.6% from 0.7% on Friday, leaving it further adrift of the U.S. economy, which grew at a 3.5% during the same period. It was the eurozone’s weakest quarter since early 2013, with gross domestic product having increased by 1.7% in the three months through June. (…)

    Eurostat’s new figures suggest automobile production will pick up gradually, rather than surge as 2018 comes to an end. The statistics agency recorded a large buildup in stocks during the third quarter, most likely the result of new vehicles piling up at factory parking lots. Running down those stocks may hit current and future production.

    The figures confirmed that two of the eurozone’s three largest economies—Germany and Italy—contracted during the quarter. Both have sizable automobile industries and between them account for 45% of the eurozone’s economy. (…)

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     Market-Shaking U.S. Case Against Huawei CFO Rolls Into Next Week

    (…) Meng was charged with conspiracy to defraud banks and should not be granted bail because she may flee, Crown attorney John Gibb-Carsley said during the court hearing in Vancouver earlier on Friday. Banks in the U.S. cleared money for Huawei, but unbeknownst to these financial firms, they were conducting business with Skycom in contravention of the sanctions, the lawyer said. (…)

    The hearing in Vancouver is the start of a long legal process in Canada that could end with Meng being sent to the U.S. to stand trial. Even though the North American neighbors have a longstanding treaty governing extradition, it can take months, even years, for a defendant to be handed over, if at all.

    Should a judge agree to extradite Meng, she would have multiple chances to appeal the decision.

    China’s leadership is trying to strike a delicate balance between outrage and necessity, as it seeks to maintain a recent thaw with the United States while lashing out at the arrest of a top Chinese tech executive. (…)

    But at a high-level conference on Sunday at Tsinghua University in Beijing that included four Nobel laureates in economics from the United States, a senior adviser to the Chinese leadership opened his remarks by praising the two countries’ broader economic relationship and avoiding any mention of the arrest.

    “The economies of China and the United States are integrated,” said the adviser, Ma Jianting, a vice president of the Development Research Council, the policy advisory unit of China’s cabinet. “There is no parting of the ways.”

    Mr. Ma’s remarks were the latest of many signs that the Chinese government was trying to compartmentalize the Huawei issue, while still taking an assertive enough stance to satisfy nationalistic anger in China. (…)

    On Thursday, hours after word of Ms. Meng’s arrest in Canada spread publicly in China, a Commerce Ministry spokesman, Gao Feng, said that Beijing was “full of confidence in reaching a deal in the 90 days.” He also confirmed for the first time a White House assertion that China would be buying American food, energy and cars following the truce, but declined to provide any details. (…)

    China’s leaders are coincidentally preparing to observe this month the 40th anniversary of the country’s post-Mao economic overhaul by calling for a series of moves to open up the economy to more trade and foreign investment, people familiar with Chinese policymaking said.

    The anniversary, heavily promoted in official propaganda and the subject of Sunday’s conference at Tsinghua University, offers Mr. Xi a chance to take market-opening measures sought by the United States without seeming to give in to American pressure.

    The final list of moves is still the subject of considerable discussion within the Chinese bureaucracy. But some options under serious consideration include further reducing tariffs on imports from all over the world and encouraging broader foreign investment in the slowing Chinese economy.

    China made some moves in these directions this year, however, and it is unclear how much further the Beijing leadership is willing to go. By Beijing’s calculation, China’s average tariffs have already fallen to 7.5 percent from 9.8 percent at the start of this year. By comparison, average tariffs in the United States are 3.5 percent, while the European Union’s are 5 percent. (…)

    Most likely, this particular case concerning Iran dealings will drag on for years and it would be very surprising if bail is not granted. More important, however, is that Huawei and its smaller Chinese competitor ZTE fit right in the current U.S.-China negotiations reaching well beyond tariffs. This is when it all started:

    In February 2011, Huawei Technologies Company, the leading Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturer, published an open letter to the U.S. Government denying security concerns with the company or its equipment, and requesting a full investigation into its corporate operations. Huawei apparently believed – correctly – that without a full investigation into its corporate activities, the United States could not trust its equipment and services in U.S. telecommunications networks.

    The House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (herein referred to as “the Committee”) initiated this investigation in November 2011 to inquire into the counterintelligence and security threat posed by Chinese telecommunications companies doing business in the United States. (…)

    Despite hours of interviews, extensive and repeated document requests, a review of open-source information, and an open hearing with witnesses from both companies, the Committee remains unsatisfied with the level of cooperation and candor provided by each company. Neither company was willing to provide sufficient evidence to ameliorate the Committee’s concerns. Neither company was forthcoming with detailed information about its formal relationships or regulatory interaction with Chinese authorities. Neither company provided specific details about the precise role of each company’s Chinese Communist Party Committee. Furthermore, neither company provided detailed information about its operations in the United States.

    Huawei, in particular, failed to provide thorough information about its corporate structure, history, ownership, operations, financial arrangements, or management. Most importantly, neither company provided sufficient internal documentation or other evidence to support the limited answers they did provide to Committee investigators.

    During the investigation, the Committee received information from industry experts and current and former Huawei employees suggesting that Huawei, in particular, may be violating United States laws. These allegations describe a company that has not followed United States legal obligations or international standards of business behavior. (…)

    In sum, the Committee finds that the companies failed to provide evidence that would satisfy any fair and full investigation. Although this alone does not prove wrongdoing, it factors into the Committee’s conclusions below. Further, this report contains a classified annex, which also adds to the Committee’s concerns about the risk to the United States. The investigation concludes that the risks associated with Huawei’s and ZTE’s provision of equipment to U.S. critical infrastructure could undermine core U.S. national-security interests.

    At a minimum, Huawei’s global expansion plans seem seriously compromised. More ammo for Trump given how important Huawei is to China. Remember that he allowed ZTE to survive.

    (…) It’s becoming clear Mr. Trump’s prolonged tit-for-tat trade fight may represent American business’s best shot at addressing those long-standing grievances. “Calling the abuser an abuser to their face is the first step,” Basheer Junjua, chief executive of San Francisco software development firm Calculi, told me this past week at The Wall Street Journal’s CEO Council in Washington.

    (…) companies like China’s Huawei or ZTE Corp. “can’t make products without U.S. technology.”

    Can Western firms pull off 5G without Chinese partners? “The answer is yes, but it is going to cost a lot more.”

    (…) In Britain, which is also a member of the Five Eyes, BT Group announced on Wednesday that it is removing Huawei equipment from its core 4G networks and will not use its 5G technology, a move made two days after Alex Younger, chief of the Secret Intelligence Service, known as MI6, questioned whether Britain should use Chinese gear. Japanese media also reported on Friday that the country planned to ban government purchases of equipment from Huawei and rival Chinese telcom ZTE Corp. (…)

    EARNINGS WATCH

    The Q3 earnings season is over with all 500 companies in, a 77% beat rate and a +6.4% surprise factor that has been steady throughout the reporting period. Q3 earnings are up 28.4% (25.0% ex-Energy) on a revenue increase of 8.6% (7.4%).

    Trailing 12-month EPS are now $157.78, up 23.1% YoY, but pro forma the tax reform for the full 12 months, they really are around $160.50, up 25.2% YoY.

    Analysts have been revising large companies’ earnings primarily downward in recent weeks…

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    …but Q4 estimates are still up 16.8%, down from 20.1% on Oct. 1. but only down from 17.3% in the last week. Corporate pre-announcements have not deteriorated even as we approach quarter end:image

    Full year 2018 EPS are seen reaching $162.70 up 23.3% for the year.

    Q1’19 estimates have been downgraded to +6.6% from +8.1% on Oct. 1 and +6.8% one week ago.

    The Rule of 20 P/E is 18.5, slightly above the 18.3 low of January 2016 when earnings were slipping and inflation was rising, unlike now.

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    S&P 600 earnings are up 21.6% in Q3 after 565 reports. The beat rate is 62% and the surprise factor +2.1%. However, earnings growth is very uneven among sectors

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    A big source of anxiety is that profit margins will erode along with rising wages. This chart is scaring many people:

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    But the reality is that U.S. wages are not accelerating much, if at all, when looked at on a monthly basis:

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    As seen earlier, weekly payrolls growth has been stable around 5.0% all year long but revenues have risen much faster at 8.6% for S&P 500 companies, 8.7% for S&P 400 companies and 6.8% for S&P 600 companies in Q3. In fact, from a corporate margins standpoint, the slowdown in November payrolls growth from 5.4% in October to 4.7% in November (slowest since April) is positive.

    Economy-wide profit margins continue to recover after the oil collapse-induced contraction in 2014-17. After-tax margins are back to their 2014 peak thanks to the tax reform but pre-tax operating margins are up nicely from their 12.7% trough in Q3’17 to 14.1% in Q3’18. Note how margins shrink well before recessions:

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    TECHNICALS WATCH
    Pointing up 13/34–Week EMA Trend Chart:  Bearish Cyclical Trend Signal for Stocks

    From Steve Blumenthal:

    The process measures the intermediate-term trend in the S&P 500 Index.  A bullish trend is identified when the blue 13-week smoothed moving average (“MA”) trend line rises above the 34-week smoothed MA trend line.  A bearish trend is signaled when the blue line drops below the red line.  You can see that this trend process has done a pretty good job at identifying the major cyclical (short-term) bull and bear market trends (note small red and blue arrows).  In terms of risk management, a good stop-loss level may be at the point when the 13-week drops below the 34-week EMA with re-entry at the point the 13-week crosses above.

    Lowry’s Research is getting more cautious:

    The market pullback over the past few days has caused Selling Pressure to again assume the dominant position above Buying Power. (…) This (…) would suggest any new buying should be deferred until evidence a sustained market low has been established (…)

    NDR’s Volume Supply chart is also worrisome:

    Reasonably cheap market (which can get cheaper, panic downside is 2200 = 16 on the Rule of 20), good earnings, slowing inflation, potentially more dovish Fed but U.S.-China, Trump, Brexit, Italy…This chart does not provide too much comfort just yet, especially given the 13/34W EMA chart above:

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    SENTIMENT WATCH

    (…) In consulting with advisers, he remained convinced that the volatility wasn’t his own doing, but rather, the product of the Federal Reserve’s plan to raise the benchmark interest rate.

    (…) several people close to the president say he places as much importance on the health of the Dow Jones Industrial Average for validation of his job performance as he does with his polling numbers. (…)

    Not sure the above makes anybody feeling any better…

    In the NYT:

    • “Every eye is going to be focused on every piece of commentary on this trade deal,” said Rick Rieder, chief investment officer of global fixed income at BlackRock, which manages over $6 trillion in assets. “Because the impact on growth is so significant.”
    • “The fact is that politics is driving the economy to an extent that is very atypical,” said Julian Emanuel, chief equity and derivatives strategist at BTIG, an institutional brokerage firm. “We would say probably to the greatest extent that we’ve seen in our investing lifetime.”

    And now this next chapter in the Mueller saga:

    A growing number of Republicans fear that a battery of new revelations in the far-reaching Russia investigation has dramatically heightened the legal and political danger to Donald Trump’s presidency — and threatens to consume the rest of the party, as well. (…)

    Stephen K. Bannon, the former Trump strategist who helped him navigate the most arduous phase of his 2016 campaign, predicted 2019 would be a year of “siege warfare” and cast the president’s inner circle as naively optimistic and unsophisticated.

    “The Democrats are going to weaponize the Mueller report and the president needs a team that can go to the mattresses,” Bannon said. “The president can’t trust the GOP to be there when it counts . . . They don’t feel any sense of duty or responsibility to stand with Trump.”

    (…) Mueller’s latest court filings offer new evidence of Russian efforts to forge a political alliance with Trump before he became president and detail the extent to which his former aides are cooperating with prosecutors.

    Some GOP senators were particularly shaken by this week’s revelation that former national security adviser Michael Flynn had met with Mueller’s team 19 separate times — a distressing signal to them that the probe may be more serious than they had been led to assume, according to senior Republican officials. (…)

        • Is Mueller Building an Expansive Obstruction Case? The sentencing memos suggest the possibility that Trump and perhaps others were involved in a series of lies from Paul Manafort and Michael Cohen.

        • Trump readies himself for Mueller’s final act Democrats say prosecutors have evidence of ‘impeachable offences’ by the president

        • Impeachment Is Getting More Likely There are still plenty of unknowns. But the president’s attempts to conceal his conduct are ominous.

        THE DAILY EDGE: 7 DECEMBER 2018

        U.S. Added 155,000 Jobs in November, Less Than Expected Labor Department data showed the U.S. added 155,000 jobs in November, lower than forecasts of 198,000. The unemployment rate held steady at 3.7% and wage growth was unchanged, with average hourly earnings rising 3.1%.

        Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 155,000 in November, compared with an average monthly gain of 209,000 over the prior 12 months.

        The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised down from +250,000 to +237,000, and the change for September was revised up from +118,000 to +119,000. With these revisions, employment gains in September and October combined were 12,000 less than previously reported.

        In November, manufacturing added 27,000 jobs, with increases in chemicals (+6,000) and primary metals (+3,000). Manufacturing employment has increased by 288,000 over the year, largely in durable goods industries.

        The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 34.4 hours in November. In manufacturing, both the workweek and overtime were unchanged (40.8 hours and 3.5 hours, respectively). The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls held at 33.7 hours. In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents to $27.35. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 81 cents, or 3.1 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to $22.95 in November [+3.2%]. (BLS)

        Fed Weighs Wait-And-See Approach On Future Rate Rises Federal Reserve officials are considering whether to signal a new wait-and-see mentality after a likely interest-rate increase at their meeting in December, which could slow the pace of rate increases next year.

        (…) “We need to be attuned to…the possibility that the U.S. economy could look very different in the first quarter, first half of 2019 than it does now,” said Dallas Fed President Robert Kaplan in an interview Thursday.

        Restrained price pressures give the Federal Open Market Committee “and me, as a central banker, some latitude to be patient,” Mr. Kaplan said. He added, “There are times when the smartest thing you can do is turn over a few cards and do nothing.” (…)

        Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell compared the Fed’s policy strategy to walking into a living room when the lights suddenly go out. “What do you do? You slow down and you maybe go a little bit less quickly, and you feel your way more,” he said in a speech last week. “So under uncertainty of this kind, you be careful.” (…)

        In a speech Thursday, Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic said the Fed was “within shouting distance” of a rate the central bank considers to be neutral, meaning it is neither so low that it fuels added economic growth nor so high that it slows growth down.

        “I’m not seeing clear signs of overheating, nor am I seeing any indications of a material weakening in the macroeconomic data at the moment,” he said. In an environment when the economy is stable and rates are near neutral, he said, the Fed needs to “proceed cautiously, with a keen eye on the data.” (…)

        Less than 12 months ago, the headlines were about synchronized world growth, inflation risks and rising interest rates. Now, Canada and Europe are near a recession and China is slowing further. U.S. inflation has also slowed measurably, running below 1.5% annualized in the last 3 months. The BOC and BOE have already become more dovish and the Fed is indicating it also should given the above and the fact that the U.S. economy is resting on the consumer with autos and housing already hurt by rising rates.

        U.S. Productivity Revised Slightly Higher in Q3; Unit Labor Costs Lower

        Output per hour in the nonfarm business sector was revised up to a 2.3% gain at a seasonally adjusted annual rate in Q3’18 (1.3% year-over-year), from the previously reported 2.2% increase. In Q2 productivity growth remained at a 3.0% rate. Third quarter output and hours worked were unrevised at 4.1% (3.7% y/y) and 1.8% (2.3% y/y) respectively.

        Unit labor costs were revised substantially lower to 0.9% in Q3 from 1.2% and -2.8% in Q2 (was -1.0%). These changes decreased the third quarter year-on-year gain to 1.2% from 1.5%. These revisions were predominantly the result of slower compensation growth for both quarters: 3.1% (2.2% y/y) in Q3 and flat in Q2.

        In the manufacturing sector, productivity was revised meaningfully higher to a 1.0% annualized gain Q3 (was 0.5%) and 1.4% y/y. The Q2 reading was unchanged at 1.2%. Output increased at an upwardly revised 4.1% pace in Q3 (3.6% y/y), while hours worked grew a slightly faster 3.1% (2.1% y/y).

        Unit labor costs in the factory sector declined at a 1.2% rate in Q3 (-1.2% y/y), following a 6.1% drop. Compensation per hour edged down 0.2% (+0.2% y/y) after falling 5.0%.

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        • The unit labor cost indicator doesn’t suggest that wage growth is becoming a significant problem for US companies. (The Daily Shot)

        U.S. Companies Feel the Pinch as Tariff Costs Start to Mount American companies that import products are paying record amounts in customs duties as more tariffs imposed by the Trump administration take effect.

        Tariff collections topped $5 billion in October, according to data from the Treasury Department and from Census Bureau data analyzed and released by Tariffs Hurt the Heartland, a lobbying coalition of manufacturing, farming and technology groups. (…)

        The amount of tariffs being paid by U.S. importers has doubled since May, including an increase of more than 30% from August to October, according to the data. The sum has risen through the year as steel and aluminum tariffs were applied to imports from a growing group of countries, then surged in October, which was the first full month in which U.S. tariffs were in place on a full $250 billion of imports from China. (…)

        Tariffs are assessed to the U.S. importer of record, meaning U.S. companies that import items from China and the rest of the world directly are the initial parties responsible for paying.

        While some importers will bear the cost of the tariffs themselves, others may be able to persuade their foreign suppliers to cut prices enough to offset the cost and others may pass the higher costs on to their customers. (…)

        Many U.S. companies are also facing retaliatory tariffs from China—and from Canada, Mexico, the European Union and other countries hit by U.S. tariffs this year on steel and aluminum. Data from the research group the Trade Partnership, which works with Tariffs Hurt the Heartland to assess the impact of tariffs, estimate that more than $1 billion in tariffs were paid on U.S. exports in October, based on the volume of trade of affected goods. (…)

        What Explains the Trade Deficit Hitting a Decade-High? The U.S. trade deficit reached the highest level in 10 years in October, driven by a bump in imports and falling exports of American-made products.

        The foreign-trade gap in goods and services rose 1.7% from the prior month to a seasonally adjusted $55.5 billion in October, the Commerce Department said Thursday. This is the largest deficit since October 2008. Imports grew 0.2% in October, while exports edged down 0.1%. The nonoil deficit is at a record level and “rising steadily,” said Ian Shepherdson, chief economist at Pantheon Economics.

        “Pumping up domestic demand with fiscal easing and picking fights with trading partners does that,” Mr. Shepherdson wrote in a note to clients. (…)

        October’s exports drop “partly reflects the continued drop-back in soybean shipments to China following the imposition of tariffs.…But there has also been a more general collapse in overall goods exports to China, which have now fallen by 30% over the past 12 months,” said Andrew Hunter, U.S. economist at Capital Economics.

        The deficit could worsen as the dollar strengthens, making U.S.-produced products more expensive to foreign buyers. Economic growth globally appears to be cooling, which could also hamper demand from abroad. (…)

        Huawei CFO’s Arrest Deals a Blow to Xi Jinping’s Drive for China Tech Supremacy Move challenges President Xi’s ambitions to make China a tech superpower

        Huawei has been at the center of the spiraling rivalry between the U.S. and China. This summer, when Mr. Xi ordered China’s antitrust regulator to effectively scuttle QualcommInc.’s acquisition of NXP Semiconductors NV, he did it to protect Huawei, according to people briefed on the matter.

        Huawei is a global leader in the next-generation mobile-internet networks that will transform communications in the coming years. Mr. Xi, these people said, figured that a tie-up between Qualcomm, of San Diego, and its Dutch peer could create a bigger rival to Huawei in the race to dominate those 5G networks. (…)

        The Trump administration has viewed Beijing’s push to offer generous subsidies and other assistance to domestic companies to dominate 5G as a national-security threat.

        The U.S. barred Huawei’s equipment from U.S. networks, seeing it as a potential backdoor to espionage, and the Trump administration has been ramping up efforts to get American allies to ditch Huawei products. (…)

        “We now have a very concerted effort to make it impossible to allow Huawei to do business around the world,” Arthur Kroeber of Hong Kong consultancy Gavekal said at a conference Thursday in Shanghai. “The toolkit of the U.S. goes well beyond tariffs.” (…)

        Even if both sides reach an agreement on trade, both the U.S. and China are likely to continue to decouple their high-tech supply chains, trying to exclude the other on national-security grounds.

        “This is the new great game,” said Duncan Clark, chairman of technology consultancy BDA China. “On both sides, these more security-, nationalistic-driven elements are coming to the fore. The securitate are in charge now.”

        From the WSJ editorial board:

        (…) News reports say U.S. intelligence suspected in 2016 that Huawei was skirting sanctions, and one question is why the U.S. didn’t act sooner to send Beijing a message. The charges against Ms. Meng haven’t been published, and she and Huawei deny wrongdoing. But the South China Morning Post reported that during an internal talk on compliance in October, Ms. Meng told employees that in cases “the company is totally unable to comply with in actual operations . . . after a reasonable decision-making process, one may accept the risk of temporary non-compliance.” That risk now includes arrest.

        Beijing might counter by arresting U.S. CEOs in China, and trade talks could break down. But enforcing laws and negotiating a trade deal aren’t incompatible. The U.S. has to enforce its laws or they’re meaningless, and China has to see there is a price for violating norms in pursuit of economic and security dominance. Play by the rules, and everyone can prosper.

        (…) At a meeting this week between Huawei executives and senior officials from GCHQ’s National Cyber Security Centre, the Chinese telecoms provider agreed to a series of technical demands which will change its practices in the UK, according to two people with knowledge of the discussions.

        Huawei has also agreed to write a formal letter to the NCSC outlining the company’s agreement to urgently address the issues, first raised in a critical report in July by an oversight board that monitors the testing of the company’s kit before approving it for use in UK networks. (…)

        Senior UK security officials have repeatedly stressed that their concerns are related to technical deficiencies and not the company’s Chinese origins. (…)

        Bear Markets March Across the Globe In a sign of the breadth of the global selloff in stocks, Germany’s main stock index fell into a bear market, the latest benchmark to have tumbled 20% or more from its recent peak.

        (…) Other markets already in bear territory are home to companies exposed to recent trade fights between the U.S. and China. The Shanghai Composite Index, China’s main stock benchmark, headed into a bear market in June, followed by Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index in September and South Korea’s Kospi in October. (…)

        Companies listed in Germany’s DAX are among the most sensitive to tariffs and weaker growth around the world, with roughly 80% of their revenues coming from outside of Germany, compared with just 37% outside of the U.S. for the S&P 500, according to FactSet. (…)

        Afraid of the Yield Curve? You’re Eyeing the Wrong One When bond yields flatten to current levels before a recession, the S&P often posts gains over next year

        (…) The investment implications of a flat or even an inverted curve aren’t obvious. The time to recession from inversion in the past has varied from a few months to more than two years. Buying the S&P 500 on the day of the first prerecession inversion of the 10-year-3-month spread led to 12-month price returns varying from a loss of 21% after February 1973 to a gain of 37% from September 1998. (…)

        When the yield curve flattened to the current, still not inverted, level of the 10-year-3-month spread before each of the past seven recessions, the S&P went on to gain over the next year in five cases, and lost in only two. The curve was also this flat a few times where no inversion or recession followed and stocks did well, such as in the mid-1990s. (…)

        EARNINGS WATCH

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        U.S. Military Plane Flies Over Ukraine in Warning to Russia The Pentagon said it carried out a rare flight over Ukraine under the international Open Skies Treaty to “reaffirm U.S. commitment to Ukraine” amid heightened Russia-Ukraine tensions.